Particle sub atomic by Frd Qim Iya Penulisan lambang atom / lambang unsur menurut JJ Berzelius: Setiap unsur dilambangkan dengan satu huruf, yaitu haruf awal dari nama latin unsur tersebut dan ditulis dg huruf besar. Jika ada unsur lain dengan huruf awal sama maka maka lambangnya dibedakan dg menambah satu huruf lain dan ditulis dg huruf kecil. Nama Indonesia Nama latin Lambang Karbon Carbonium C Kalsium Calsium Ca Klorin Clorine Cl Tembaga Cuprum Cu Kalium K Particle sub atomic by Frd Qim Iya

Particle sub atomic by Frd Qim Iya Nama unsur mempunyai asal usul yang bermacam-macam, ada yang didasarkan pada warnanya, seperti klorin (chloros= hijau) atau pada sifat yang khas seperti fosforus (phosphorus = bercahaya), atau nama penemu unsur tersebut. Contoh unsur nomor atom 104, mempunyai dua nama, sesuai penemunya yaitu: Rutherfordium (lambang Rf) penemunya adalah tim dari Universitas california (Amerika) Kurchatovium (lambang Ku) penemunya tim dari unisovyet (Rusia) Untuk mencegah perdebatan maka IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) menetapkan aturan penamaan dan pemberian lambang unsur temuan baru didasarkan dari penamaan nomor atomnya dan berakhiran “ium” Particle sub atomic by Frd Qim Iya

Particle sub atomic by Frd Qim Iya 0 = nil 5 = pent 1 = un 6 = hex 2 = bi 7 = sept 3 = tri 8 = okt 4 = quad 9 = enn Nomor atom 104 diberi nama Unnilquadium, lambangnya Unq Nomor atom 112 diberi nama Ununbium, lambangnya Uub Particle sub atomic by Frd Qim Iya

Menurut teori atom modern, atom tersusun dari: BAB I STRUKTUR ATOM DAN PERKEMBANGAN TEORI ATOM Atom merupakan bagian terkecil suatu materi. Bila atom-atom saling bergabung akan membentuk suatu molekul atau gugusan atom. Molekul dapat berupa molekul unsur (bila atom yang bergabung sama atau bersifat homoatom) atau molekul senyawa (bila atom yang bergabung berbeda atau bersifat heteroatom). Molekul bersifat netral, sedangkan atom atau gugusan atom dapat bermuatan positif atau negatif, yang sering dikenal sebagai ion positif atau negatif. Menurut teori atom modern, atom tersusun dari: 1. Inti atom  tersusun dari proton dan netron 2. Elektron  beredar mengeitari inti atom pada orbital tertentu. Particle sub atomic by Frd Qim Iya

Particle sub atomic by Frd Qim Iya In Brief, The Modern Atomic Theory Atom can be comprehended as follow: Every atom is built from proton, neutron and electron particle Proton and neutron was located in nucleus named nucleon. Electrons are moving around nucleus in discreet level energy (Bohr’s Atomic Theory) Electron motion in sorrounding the nucleus performs characteristic of wafe. Particle sub atomic by Frd Qim Iya

Particle sub atomic by Frd Qim Iya In Element’s Periodic Table, Atoms were symbolized with unique notation as follow: X : atom or element symbol A : mass number = the total amount of proton and neutron A = p + n Z : atomic number = the amount of proton The important thing that differenciates one atom to another is the amount of proton Particle sub atomic by Frd Qim Iya

Particle sub atomic by Frd Qim Iya If the total amount of proton and electron is the same  then atom will have zero charge But if the total amount of proton ╪ electron then atom will charged either positive or negative Called Ion Postive ion is named cation Negative ion is named anion Positive ion forming when atom releasing electron (atom losing electron) Negative ion forming when atom capturing electron. Particle sub atomic by Frd Qim Iya

Particle sub atomic by Frd Qim Iya Atom (zero charge)  e = p , n = A – p Positive ion zAX+c  Atom releasing c electrons  e ╪ p , e < p proton = z electron = z – c or e = p - c neutron = A – z or n = A - p Negative ion zAX-b  Atom capturing b electrons  e ╪ p , e > p electron = z + b or e = p + b Particle sub atomic by Frd Qim Iya

2656Fe3+ Atom losing 3 electrons Example 2656Fe Proton = 26 Electron = 26 Neutron = 56 -26 = 30 2656Fe3+ Atom losing 3 electrons Proton = 26 Electron = 26 – 3 = 23 Neutron = 56 -26 = 30 613N2- Atom capturing 2 electrons Proton = 6 Electron = 6 – 2 = 8 Neutron = 13 - 6 = 7 Particle sub atomic by Frd Qim Iya

Particle sub atomic by Frd Qim Iya Evaluation : Determine amount of proton, electron and neutron in these atoms or ions below! [a] [f] [b] [g] [c] [h] [d] [i] [e] Particle sub atomic by Frd Qim Iya

Particle sub atomic by Frd Qim Iya Notasi atom ialah cara penulisan atom-atom Penulisan lambang atom X dengan nomor atom (Z) dan massa atom (A) adalah : (jika ditulis dalam tabel periodik) dimana X = lambang atom suatu unsur Z = nomor atom Z = jumlah proton (p) Z = jumlah elektron (e-)  jika atom (netral ) bukan ion A = nomor massa A = jumlah proton (p) + jumlah neutron (n) Particle sub atomic by Frd Qim Iya

Particle sub atomic by Frd Qim Iya PENULISAN PARTIKEL PENYUSUN ATOM DLM LAMBANG ATOM p = Z = No atom e = Z A = massa atom n = (A – Z) Notasi atom Contoh : [1] Atom Lithium Massa atom= A = p + n 7 = 3 + n  n= 7-3 = 4 memiliki 3 elektron, 3 proton, dan 4 neutron [2] Atom Natrium memiliki 11 elektron, 11 proton, dan 12 neutron Particle sub atomic by Frd Qim Iya

Particle sub atomic by Frd Qim Iya Atom (tidak bermuatan)  e = p n = A – p Ion positif  Atom yang melepaskan elektron, e ╪ p , e < p Contoh: zAX+c atom X melepaskan elektron sebanyak c elektron p = z e = p – c Ion negatif  Atom menangkap elektron, e ╪ p , e > p zAX-b atom X menangkap ellektron sebanyak b elektron p = z e = p + b Particle sub atomic by Frd Qim Iya

Particle sub atomic by Frd Qim Iya Evaluation : Determine amount of proton, electron and neutron in these atoms or ions below! [a] [f] [b] [g] [c] [h] [d] [i] [e] Particle sub atomic by Frd Qim Iya

Particle sub atomic by Frd Qim Iya Jumlah proton merupakan kekhasan suatu atom, artinya lambang atom akan berbeda jika jumlah protonnya berbeda No atom (jumlah proton) Lambang atom 1 H 2 He 3 Li 4 Be 5 B 6 C 7 N 8 O 9 F Particle sub atomic by Frd Qim Iya

Particle sub atomic by Frd Qim Iya Chemfar.blogspot.com Particle sub atomic by Frd Qim Iya