Media Perspektif
Perspektif awal Kekuatan media massa Komunikasi dan integrasi sosial Komunikasi massa dan pendidik Media sebagai masalah atau kambing hitam
Proses komunikasi ‘massa’ Large-scale distribution and reception One-directional flow Asymetrical relation Inpersonal and anonymous Calculative and market relationship Standarized content
Audiens Massa Large numbers Widely dispersed Non-interactive and anonymous Heterogeneous Not organized and self-acting An object of management or manipulation
Lembaga media massa Mainly activity is the production and distribution of symbolic content (Terutama aktivitas produksi dan distribusi konten simbolik) Media operate in public sphere and are regulated accordingly (beroperasi di ruang publik dan menyesuaiakan dengan regulasi yang ada) Participation as sender and receiver is voluntary berpartisipasi secara sukarela dalam mengirim dan menerima) Orgnization is professional and bureaucratic in form ( Organisasi dan bentuk birokrasi yang profesional) Media are both free and powerless (Media adalah bebas dan tak berdaya)
Mass Culture and Popular Culture Non-traditional Non-elite Mass produced Popular Commercial Homogenized