AUXILIARY VERBS & MODALS Main uses
In short answers: Do you believe in psychics? Yes, I do Are you a self-confident person? Yes I am
To avoid repeating the main verb: I hate this kind of exams and so does my friend Ann.
With “so” and “neither” With a verb in positive : So+ aux+ subj Peter loves this novel and so do I With a verb in negative : Neither + aux+ subj You didn’t know Alex was coming today and neither did I.
With “echo questions” They are used to show interest: Aux ( = as in main sentence)+ subj? This is a really interesting guy. Is he? I really want to go on a date with him… Do you?
To add emphasis: I know you deny it, DO/DID + main verb but I know you DID cheat in the exam.
To make question tags: Positive statement , neg aux + subj? He’s from Ireland, isn’t he? Negative statement, positive aux + subj? You haven’t been to China before, have you?
AND NOW, IT’S TIME TO GET SOME PRACTICE!!!!
So/Neither I’m going to London next weekend and … (John too) So is John I’ve just passed my driving test and … (Ann too) So has Ann I haven’t seen Peter for ages and ( Lui neither) Neither has Lui I didn’t do my homework for Monica and … (the rest of the class neither) Neither did the rest of the class
Echo questions I ‘m looking forward to being sent abroad by my company. Are you?! I know I left the keys on the table, but I can’t find them now! Can’t you?! He speaks very good German… Does he?! He broke out of prison yesterday… Did he?! If I won 1.000.000 €, I wouldn’t change my life a bit. Wouldn’t you?!
Emphasis She forgave her sister for deceiving her. She did forgive her sister for deceiving her. I wrote the poem myself. I did write the poem myself. I love parties. I do love parties Books cost a lot Books do cost a lot This bus goes to the station non-stop. This bus does go to the station non-stop
Question tags It’s a lovely day, ________ ? Isn’t it? You couldn’t lend me 5$, ________ ? Could you? Tom drives very fast, ________ ? Doesn’t he? I don’t think he’s ever been there, ________ Hasn’t he? You don’t like him, ________? Do you?