Assalamu’alaikum wr.wb PHARMACOGNOSY Yeni Nurhayani, S.Si., Apt SMKN 7 Bandung www.yahoo.com , www.google.com Kesehatan

Competency is a complex construct Values and Knowledge attitudes Competency Behaviours Skills Kesehatan

Standard of Competence: Understanding of Pharmacognocy Pharmacy at 1st Grade

Basic Competence Explain of base and part of herbs contain useful materials Systematic Classification of Herbs Manufacturing simplicia of herbs Identification simplicia and herbs Explain usefulness and useful materials of herbs Kesehatan

Pharmacognocy www.yahoo.com Kesehatan

are based of two words in greek language Pharmacognocy are based of two words in greek language Pharmacon means drug or medicine Gnosis means sciences www.yahoo.com Kesehatan

Definition of pharmacognocy by Fluckiger Pharmacognocy is knowledge from various sciences to find all aspects about drug or medicine Kesehatan

Definition of Drug or Medicine Drug or medicine is a material or all materials for diagnose, prevent and cure a symptom and diseases, wound, physical disorder and psychological disorder or mentally disorder for human or animal and also for human body care Kesehatan

Definition of Traditional Medicine Base on Permenkes RI No. 246/Menkes/Per/V/1990, Traditional Medicine are all useful materials from herbs, animal, mineral, galenical substance by traditional method based on experiences www.yahoo.com Kesehatan

Galenical Substance Herbs or animal extraction produce Galenical substance www.yahoo.com Kesehatan

Range of Pharmacognocy Pharmacognocy is part of : Biopharmacy Biochemistry and Chemical’s synthesis It’s become a broad range, as same as definition of pharmacognocy by Fluckiger Kesehatan

Pharmacognocy consist of following aspects: Macroscopic and Microscopic observation Identification, Isolation, Purification and drug or medicine’s synthesis Kesehatan

Definition of Simplicia is a natural substance useful that no processing on it besides drying/evaporation www.yahoo.com Kesehatan

Simplicia’s Preparation: Natural Substance Systematic and morphology of plants Herbs Animal Mineral Systematic and Identification Natural Substance of drug Collectionsi Drying Simple Preparation Lasting Storage Pharmacognocy Prepared Substance ( Simplicia ) Kesehatan

Nomenclature of Plant Latin’s Name of Plan Ex: Oryza sativa Species: sativa Genus: Oryza 1.Nomenclature of plant consist of 2 words: Name of genus, and Name of species For example: Rice plant Oryza sativa Oryza sativa Name of genus Name of species 1st Letter of genus with Capital dan 1st Letter of genus with small Letter Kesehatan

Hibiscus rosa – sinensis If latin name of plants come from 2 words and more (3 words), 2 from 3 words separated by mark (-) . For example : Strychnos nux - vomica Hibiscus rosa – sinensis Homonim: 1 latin name is used for 2 different plan Kesehatan

Complete scientific name of plan: Latin name Abbreviation of name of botanist For example: Name of botanist: Abbreviation: Complete name of plan: Linnaeus L Oryza sativa L Miller Mill Foeniculum vulgare Mill Houttuyn Houtt Myristica fragrans Houtt Kesehatan

Nomenclature of Simplicia Based on Indonesian Pharmacopeia those Name of Simplicia consist of genus’s name or species’s name of plant, than following by part of plant’s name Kesehatan

Part of Plant Cormus ( plant’s body) common be 3 part: radix (root) caulis (stem), dan folium (leaf) www.yahoo.com Kesehatan

gema (bud),flos (flower), Other parts of plant: gema (bud),flos (flower), fructus (fruit), semen (seed) pulpa (flesh fruit), tubera (tuber), rhizoma (rhizome), bulbus (onion), Cortex (bark of stem/fruit), lignum (wood) herba (herb/part of plant which growth top of ground) Kesehatan

The Example of Simplicia’s Name: 1.Genus + part of plant’s name: Cinchonae Cortex, Digitalis Folium, Thymi Herba, Zingiberis Rhizoma 2.Species + part of plant’s name: Belladonnae Herba, Serphylli Herba, Ipecacuanhae Radix, Stramonii Herba 3.Genus + species + part of plant’s name: Curcumae aeruginosae Rhizoma, Capsici frutescentis Fructus Kesehatan

Latin’s Spelling We have known that Alphabetical Latin and Alphabet in Indonesian language are same letter but it can be divided into writing and spelling Kesehatan

Latin’s SpellingLatin’s Spelling In the following table are some examples of spelling letter or word of Latin: Letter/ letters Read Example Spelling ae e Galangae ga-la-nge Lobeliae lo-be-li-e c k jika diikuti huruf a, o, u atau huruf mati Cacao ka-ka-o Cola ko-la Curcuma kur-ku-ma Fructus Fruk -tus s jika diikuti huruf e, i, y Cera Se-ra Citri Sit-tri Glycyrrhiza Gli-si-ri-sa Kesehatan

kk jika diikuti huruf a , o, u Succus Suk-kus ks jika diikuti huruf Coccinella Kok-si-ne-la e, i, y ch kh jika diikuti huruf Cinchona Sin-ko-na hidup h jika diikuti huruf mati Strychni Strih-ni eae e Dioscoreae Di-es-ko-re Kesehatan

eu e + u Oleum O-le-um Cetaceum Se-ta-se-um ff f Paraffinum Pa-ra-fi-num ie i..+ ye Iecoris Iye-ko-ris ii i + i Aurantii Au-ran-ti-i j y Cajuputi Ka-yu-pu-ti Kesehatan

ll l Vanilla Va-ni-la mm m Gummi Gu-mi Ichtammolum Ih-ta-mo-lum nh n Ipecacuanhae I-pe-ka-ku-ane oe eu Foeniculi Feu-ni-ku-li Asafoetida A-sa-feu-ti-da nn Belladonna Be-la-do-na Sennae Se-ne Kesehatan

ph f Orthosiphon Or-to-si-fon pp p hippoglossi hi-po-glo-si qu kw quercus kwer-kus rh r rhei rhizoma re-i ri-zo-ma rr myrrha mi-ra Kesehatan

sh sy shorea syo-re purshiana pur-si-a-na ss s Cassia ka-si-a th t Mentha men-ta tiae sie Liquiritiae li-kwi-ri-sie Kesehatan

ks jika tertera pada tengah / akhir kata Pix p iks radix ra-diks cortex kor-teks bixa bik-sa s jika pada permulaan kata xanthorrhiza san-to-ri-za y i jika didahului dan / atau diikuti oleh huruf mati hydrastis hi-dras-tis maydis ma-i-dis y jika diapit oleh 2 huruf hidup papaya pa-pa-ya Kesehatan

Identification of Herbs and Simplicia Name of Simplicia: Abri Folium Indonesian Name : Daun Saga Name of Plant : Abrus precatorius L. Familia : Papilionaceae Useful material : Glisirisin more than 15% Utility : Antisariawan Abrus precatorius L. www.yahoo.com Kesehatan

Microscopic of Abri Folium Longitudinal section of pinnate leaf: Upper Epidermis Palisade Tissue Sponge Tissue Transport Bundle Under Epidermis Lid hair Calcium Oscillate with Prismatic Crystal Literature: Materia Medika Indonesia Kesehatan

Microscopic of Abri Folium Powder Serbuk Daun Saga: Lid hair Upper Epidermis Spiral Wood Artery Palisade Under Epidermis Calcium Oscillate Literature: Materia Medika Indonesia Kesehatan

Name of Simplicia: Alyxiae Cortex Nama Indonesia : Kulit pulasari Name of Plane : Alyxia reinwardtii Bl. Familia : Apocynaceae Useful material : Kumarin, volatile oil, sour organic Utility : Antipyretic www.yahoo.com Kesehatan

Microscopic of Alyxiae Cortex Longitudinal section of liana leaf: Cork Tissue Felogen Outside Cortex Tissue Cortex Parenchyma Stone Cell Sap Artery Phloem Tissue Cyperus Microiria Calcium Oscillate Crystal Literature: Materia Medika Indonesia Kesehatan

Microscopic of Alyxiae Cortex Powder Powder of Liana Corrtex: Cortex Parenchyma with Stone Cell Cork Tissue Calcium Oxalate with Prismatic Crystal Stone Cell Literature: Materia Medika Indonesia Kesehatan

Name of simplicia: Baeckeae Folium Indonesian Name : Daun jungrahab Name of Plant : Baeckea frutescens L. Familia : Myrtaceae Useful Material : Volatile Oil Utility : Diuretic Kesehatan

Microscopic of Baeckeae Folium Literature: Materia Medika Indonesia Kesehatan

Microscopic of Baeckeae Folium Powder Literature: Materia Medika Indonesia Kesehatan

Boesenbergiae Rhizoma Name of simplicia: Boesenbergiae Rhizoma Indonesian Name : Rimpang temukunci Name of Plant : Boesenbergia pandurata (Roxb.) Schlecht. Familia : Zingiberaceae Useful Materials : Volatile Oil 0,06% - 0,32%, resin, starch Khasiat : Antidiarhea www.yahoo.com Kesehatan

Microscopic Boesenbergia Rhizoma Literature: Materia Medika Indonesia Kesehatan

Microscopic Boesenbergia Rhizoma Powder Literature: Materia Medika Indonesia Kesehatan

Name of Simplicia: Sappan Lignum Indonesian Name : Kayu Secang Name of Plant : Caesalpinia sappan L. Familia : Caesalpiniaceae Useful Material : Pigmen, tanin, galat sour, brasilin Utility : Antidiarhea www.yahoo.com Kesehatan

Microscopic Sappan Lignum Literature: Materia Medika Indonesia Kesehatan

Microscopic Sappan Lignum Powder Sumber: Materia Medika Indonesia Kesehatan

Booklist Endang Diyah Ikasari, 2008, Farmasi , Departemen Pendidikan Nasional, Jakarta Sekber SMF, 2008, Farmakognosi Kelas X, Pusdiknakes, Departemen Kesehatan, Jakarta Dikdik Gunawan&Sri Mulyani, 2004, Ilmu Obat Alam (Farmakognosi), Jilid I, Penebar Swadaya, Jakarta Departemen Kesehatan, Materia Medika Indonesia, Jakarta www.yahoo.com www.google.com Kesehatan

Thanks Kesehatan