E-Business and E- Commerce Chapter 1 Introduction to E-Business and E-Commerce

Content What is Electronic Business & Electronic Commerce? Overview of Electronic Business Corelation Between E-Business and E- Commece Overview of Electronic Commerce Components The Benefit / Advantage and Lack of E- Business and E-Commerce. Type of E-Commerce Business-to-Business Electronic Commerce Supply Chain Electronic Commerce Business-to-Consumer Electronic Commerce

What is Electronic Business E-Business merupakan kegiatan berbisnis di Internet yang tidak saja meliputi pembelian, penjualan dan jasa, tapi juga meliputi pelayanan pelanggan dan kerja sama dengan rekan bisnis (baik individual maupun instansi).

Hubungan Antara E-Business dan E-Commerce E-Business: Improving business performance through low cost and open connectivity: New technologies in the value chainNew technologies in the value chain Connecting value chains across businessesConnecting value chains across businesses in order to : Improve service/reduce costsImprove service/reduce costs Open new channelsOpen new channels Transform competitive landscapesTransform competitive landscapes E-Commerce: marketing selling buying of products and services on the Internet E-Commerce: marketing selling buying of products and services on the Internet

Definisi E-Commerce E-Commerce merupakan suatu aplikasi dan proses bisnis yang menghubungkan perusahaan, konsumen dan komunitas tertentu melalui transaksi elektronik dan perdagangan barang, pelayanan dan informasi yang dilakukan secara elektronik.

Kemampuan E-Commerce TOPII TRANSAKSI, kesepakatan antara 2 pihak untuk melakukan transaksi yang melibatkan institusi lainnya (pihak ketiga) sebagai pihak yang menangani pembayaran (“electronic payment”concept) OTOMATISASI, proses otomatisasi yang menggantikan proses manual.(“enerprise resource planning”concept) PUBLIKASI, memberikan jasa promosi dan komunikasi atas produk dan jasa yang dipasarkan secara elektronik. (“electronic cataloging”concept) INTEGRASI, proses yang terintegrasi yang akan meningkatkan efisiensi dan efektivitas proses. (“just in time”concept) INTERAKSI, pertukaran data atau informasi antar berbagai pihak yang akan meminimalkan “human error”(“electronic data interchange/EDI”concept)

Kelebihan E-Commerce & E-Business Positive: Revenue Stream (aliran pendapatan) baru yang mungkin lebih menjanjikan dan tidak bisa ditemui di sistem transaksi tradisional. Dapat meningkatkan market exposure (pangsa pasar). Menurunkan biaya operasional (operating cost). Melebarkan jangkauan (global reach). Meningkatkan customer loyality. Memperpendek waktu produksi. Meningkatkan value chain (mata rantai pendapatan)

Mengurangi biaya inventory Mengurangi biaya komunikasi Hampir tidak terlihat perbedaan antara perusahaan besar dan kecil Memudahkan konsumen memilih barang, 24 jam nonstop Mempercepat dan mempermudah transaksi, anywhere Memungkinkan barang dijual lebih murah

Hambatan dan Tantangan E-Commerce & E-Business Infrastruktur telekomunikasi yang masih terbatas dan mahal Delivery channel - Pengiriman barang masih ditakutkan hilang di jalan. - Ketepatan waktu dalam pengiriman barang - Jangkauan daerah pengiriman barang Kultur dan Kepercayaan (trust) Security Munculnya jenis kejahatan baru - Penggunaan kartu kredit curian / palsu - Penipuan melalui SMS, kuis Ketidakjelasan hukum - Digital signature - Uang digital / cybermoney - Status hukum dari paper-less transaction

Jenis E-Commerce Business to business (B2B) - Antara perusahaan = e-procurement - Both the sellers and the buyers are business organizations Business to consumer (B2C) - Retail, pelanggan yang bervariasi, konsep Portal - The sellers are organizations, and the buyers are individuals Consumer to consumer (C2C) - Lelang (auction) Government: G2G, G2B, G2C (citizen) - Layanan pemerintah kepada rakyatnya

Simpler Trade Procedures The Single Administrative Document is developed to reduce the amount of forms needed in shipping

Business Applications FTP Voic Conference Bulletin Boards Marketing Advertising Credit Card transfer EDI On-line Catalogues Stockbroking Many, many more

Components of Electronic Commerce Communications Standards Software

Communications Options Telephone - Dial-up Connection - Leased Line ISDN - Basic Rate - Primary Rate Value Added Networks (VANs) X.400 an International Standards Organisation (ISO) standard for secure messaging Networks - Local Area Networks - Wide Area Networks - Intranets - Extranets Satellite The Internet - Messaging - File Transfer - Telnet - WWW - XML

Standardisation “The adoption of any standard way of formatting data adopted by a community of users”

Trading Using Proprietary Standards Each company needs three different standards in order to do business with its trading partners

Trading Using a Single Agreed Standard Each company requires only ONE standard in order to do business with its trading partners

Electronic Commerce Software Functions Data extraction from relevant application(s), or data entry Data encoding to agreed standard format Data transmission to recipient(s) Data receipt by recipient(s) Data decoding for internal applications Data insertion into relevant application(s)

Business-to-Business Electronic Commerce Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) Enhanced Messaging – – Voice Mail – Fax Teleconferencing Integrated Systems – Intranets – Database Publishing – Knowledge Management

Aim of EDI “To transfer data application to application, regardless of platform or operating system, without human intervention”

Teleconferencing enables people anywhere in the world to hold ‘face-to-face’ meetings

Supply Chain Electronic Commerce Can accomodate Stock Control Just-In-Time Deliver Transportation Warehouse Management

Stock Control  Can of beans swiped  Stock system updated  Beans re-ordered electronically

A Use of EDI in Shipping Ships can forward information about their cargo to enable stacking plans for containers to be calculated

Barcodes In addition to helping retailers, barcodes on packaging and pallets can help managers optimise the warehousing availability

Business-to-Consumer Electronic Commerce  Database Applications  Kiosks  Internet Store Fronts  Downloadable Software and Software Support  Internet Auctions  Advertising on the Internet  Interactive TV

Database Applications Holiday bookings at a travel agent rely on Electronic Commerce

Internet Store Fronts Amazon is one of the best known Internet store fronts, selling not only books, but music, videos, toys and “eCards”.

The Phases of Electronic Commerce Implementation  Replacing the manual paper-based operations with electronic alternatives  Rethinking and simplifying the information flows  Using the information flows in new and dynamic ways

Summary This session has covered:  What is Electronic Business & Electronic Commerce?  Overview of Electronic Business  Corelation Between E-Business and E-Commece  Overview of Electronic Commerce Components  The Benefit / Advantage and Lack of E-Business and E-Commerce.  Type of E-Commerce  Business-to-Business Electronic Commerce  Supply Chain Electronic Commerce  Business-to-Consumer Electronic Commerce