Teknologi Dan Rekayasa

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1 Teknologi Dan Rekayasa
IM Mapping and Surveying Department THE MEASURMENT IS HIGH IMPLEMENTING WITH SIMPLE INSTRUMENT

2 Description This module consists of three learning activities that include: the measure is high waterpass hand, measure the difference with high plastic hose (open) and measures is high with a plastic hose (closed). On learning activities, the measurement technique using water pass hand. 1 learning activities using the techniques of measurement instruments waterpass hands. Learning activities 2 discusses the measurement techniques use interspace with plastic dots sweep (open) and the calculations. 3 activities while learning about the techniques of measurement plastic hose with dots around the (closed) and calculations. Activities 1 study, learning activities 2 and learning activities in addition to the measurement of the 3 accompanied by the count and delineation. Teknologi dan Rekayasa

3 - The first as a data recorder
Learning activities and learning activities 3 (with a high measure is interspace plastic and open measure is high around the plastic hose) done at least 3 people - The first as a data recorder - The second and third person holding the hose to the plastic and jalon Second point is that the high measured. In addition to the necessary equipment in each of the activities necessary preparation: 1. Location measurement is high with relatively simple means of measuring even. 2. There are differences in the measurement of the location of va- rious high Teknologi dan Rekayasa

4 Work Instructions In each of the learning activities can not be done individual or individuals, to measure the difference with a simple means of team measuring be done. For each member of the team or group each must play an active role so that it can do various jobs (eg jalon hold, distance measurement, using water pass hand, plastic hose and its requirements and other work). Learn the steps that must be done: 1.Learning activities 1 (measuring tool with a different level with a simple measure water pass the groups with members of at least 4 people work . - People as the first holder / observer water pass hands - The second and third reading distance. Teknologi dan Rekayasa

5 Measurement is high With Waterpass
Measure is high hand waterpass with the high number for a relatively local flat. On the results of measurements needed to land the job of planning surface determine, among others, building the foundation, cut and stack, and etc Teknologi dan Rekayasa

6 Peralatan dan Bahan 1. Roll metre 2. Spedometre 3. Jalon 4. Waterpass
5. Databoard and stationery Teknologi dan Rekayasa

7 Work Safety and Health Use the tool in accordance with its function
Try not be in the hands water pass sun / rain Avoid the possibility of lost equipment Use overall completed To center attention on the job Teknologi dan Rekayasa

8 Work Step a. Before you start measuring, prepare beforehand equipment needed b. The tip of the rod is placed on one point early area measurement (eg A) c. Put your hands above water pass measuring stick so that the bubble niva are in the middle, with the increase or decrease the edge point next measuring, so that the measuring stick truly flat. E.g. the next point B. d. Measure the distance between point A and B, The background (b) and to point B to the following is the advance reading (m). Record results reading including. Measuring the length of rod and write on the list measurements. Teknologi dan Rekayasa

9 e. Hang on each end of a measuring stick to determine the point second (B), hich is the starting point of measurement with a measuring stick second. f. End of the measuring stick in the second abreast point B with the plummet and yarn, place hands over water pass measuring rod, until the bubble is in the middle. g. Measure the distance from B to point C over the next instance measuring tick. Reading t o B is called reading the face (m). With the bubble requirement h. Water pass hands are in the middle. Note in the list of standards h. So that measurements on the final point determined. Teknologi dan Rekayasa

10 Picture-1 Teknologi dan Rekayasa

11 Work Analysis In explore different between the two points higher than the required measurement count as follows: a. Search for different high between two points using the formula: t = b - m with information: t = is high b = background reading m = reading faces Example 1: reading back = m, face reading = m t = m m = m……….(up) Example 2: reading back = m, face reading = m t = = ………..(Down) Teknologi dan Rekayasa

12 Search for every high point that was measured with the formula: Highest point before plus (+) or reduced (-) with different height. Example 1. Had a high A = m high are different A and = m then high and B = 100, 00 m m. Example 2. Had a high A = m, while different from A to B = m, the high B = m m = 119, 580 m Explore the difference in the high, between the starting point and end point used formula t = B - m or t =  t (+) -  t (-) where: t = high is the starting point and end point b = the number of face reading m = number of background reading (+) = number of different levels (-) = number of different levels t = high end point - the starting point higher Teknologi dan Rekayasa

13 Drawing Result Measurement
In the graphic depiction aft required two skla namely: - Scale length / distance scale to the point with the drawing direction aft. - Scale for drawing a high point towards vertical - If the scale is very long distance, medium-scale high / short, held to enlarge vertical. Scale (vertical Exagration) - When the horizontal distance (the distance is very short and too vertical distance large / long held the to enlarge scale distance (horizontal exagration). To enlarge adjusted scale depiction of the profile of the table above can be seen below. Teknologi dan Rekayasa

14 Picture-2 Teknologi dan Rekayasa

15 Ways of making propil sweep
1. Define a large scale both scale and vertical distance scale. At the bottom is made of 3 lines to the point number, placement distance number. Among the number of point number and placement of the distance point initial 0.00 The number of lines and the distance to 3 for high placement each point. Use the lowest point in accordance with the lowest rounded down. With high attention to make the scale high lines. Determine the level of each point based on the number height. Teknologi dan Rekayasa

16 MEASUREMENT IS HIGH WITH PLASTIC INSTERSPACE ( MEASUREMENT OPEN )
Measurement is high with a plastic hose actually the same as the measurement the water is high pass hands. But the plastic hose used must meet several requirements, including: 1. Along the same diameter plastic 2. No leak 3. Not folded 4. There are no air bubbles Regional sweep measurements with different high not too prominent. The function measurement get high with a plastic hose with the same functionality on different measurement tool with high water pass hands. Teknologi dan Rekayasa

17 Peralatan dan Bahan 1. Roll metre 2. Spedometre 3. Jalon 4. Waterpass
5. Databoard and stationery Teknologi dan Rekayasa

18 Work Safety and Health Use the tool in accordance with its function
Try not be in the hands water pass sun / rain Avoid the possibility of lost equipment Use overall completed To center attention on the job Teknologi dan Rekayasa

19 Work Step Before you start measuring, we should have a preparation tool 10 use, and check if there is a possibility of damage to the equipment is Fill a plastic hose with water, until no air bubbles (try the white plastic hose and role 1 cm). Determine the distance between two points behind eg between A and advance eg B, where the distance is adjusted with a long plastic hose, standing clearly on the A and B. A distance plastic hose between point A and B, wait to middle until both surface water hose does not move. Teknologi dan Rekayasa

20 Picture-1 Teknologi dan Rekayasa

21 Analisis Pekerjaan Beda tinggi dan ketinggian titik yang diukur, diperlukan pe- ngelompokkan data dengan perhitungannya seperti berikut : 1. Menghitung beda tinggi/selisih tinggi antara dua titik t = b = m t = beda tinggi b = Pembacaan belakang m = pembacaan muka contoh 1. bacaan belakang (b) = 0,372 m bacaan muka (m) = 0,020 m t = 0,372 – 0,020 = +0,35 m  naik (+) contoh 2. bacaan belakang (b) = 0,240 m bacaan muka (m) = 0,645 m t = 0,240 m – 0,645 m = - 0,405 m  turun (-) Teknologi dan Rekayasa

22 Cara mencari tinggi titik-titik yang diukur
Contoh Tinggi A = 110 m Tinggi B= + 0,550 m Beda tinggi = 110 m + 0,550 m = 110,550 m Contoh 2. Tinggi B = 110,550 m Tinggi C= 0,210 m Beda tinggi = 110,55m – 0,210m = 110,340 m Teknologi dan Rekayasa

23 Mencari beda tinggi titik awal dengan titik akhir Rumus 1 t = b - m
Dimana : t = beda tinggi b = jumlah pembacaan belakang m = jumlah pembacaan muka (+)= jumlag beda tinggi (+) (-) = jumlah beda tinggi (-) Rumus 3 t = tinggi titik akhir – tinggi titik awal Teknologi dan Rekayasa

24 Mengukur Beda Tinggi dengan Selang Plastik (Keliling Tertutup)
Pengukuran beda tinggi keliling/tertutup merupakan pengukuran beda tinggi dimana titik awal pengukuran juga merupakan titik akhir pengukuran. Dengan diameter selisih tinggi/beda tinggi antara titik awal dengan titik akhir haruslah sama dengan npl. Tetapi umumnya tidak demikian, maka harus ada korelasinya. kegunaan pada pengukuran beda tinggi dengan alat water pass tangan. Teknologi dan Rekayasa

25 Peralatan dan Bahan 1. Pita ukur / meteran 2. Roda ukur
3. Jalon beberapa buah 4. Waterpass 5. Alat tulis Teknologi dan Rekayasa

26 Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja
1. Gunakan pakaian kerja lapangandan topi pelindung kepala. 2. Dalam membawa jalon diarahkan posisi vertikal. 3. Hindarkan alat dari kemungkinan hilang. 4. Pusatkan perhatian pada pekerjaan 5. Tidak bercanda saat sedang dalam pekerjaan, kecuali hal-hal yang diperlukan dan mendukung dalam pekerjaan. Teknologi dan Rekayasa

27 Langkah-Langkah Kerja
Sediakan semua alat yang diperlukan Isi slang plastik dengan air bersih, hingga tidak ada gelembung udara Dirutkan dua jalan dititik P dan titik 1 dengan jarak disesuaikan dengan slang plastik dan rentangkan slang plastik dan rentangkan slang plastik tersebut antara titik P dan titik 1. Diamkan beberapa menit sehingga permukaan air pada slang plastik tenang Ukur jarak antara titik P dan muka air pada slang plastik, ini merupakan pembacaan belakang (b). catat hasil bacaan dalam daftar ukur. Ukur jarak antara titik (1) dan muka air pada slang plastik dan merupakan pembacaan muka (m) kemudian catatlah data tersebut beserta jaraknya pada daftar ukur (P) dan (1) Pindahkan jalan A ketitik (2) dan lakukan pekerjaan seperti langkah c, d, dan f, sehingga penunaan selesai Buat hasil pengukuran yang meliputi daftar data dan gambar propil memanjangnya. Teknologi dan Rekayasa

28 Gambar Kerja Teknologi dan Rekayasa

29 Analisis Pekerjaan Mencari beda tinggi antara dua titik dengan rumus
t = b = m Contoh telah dibuatkan pada pekerjaan sebelumnya. Mencari koreksi beda tinggi sebab dalam hal ini pengukurannya keliling, maka beda tinggi antara titik awal (P) dan titik akhir (P) haruslah sama dengan nol. Oleh karena ada beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi pengukuran maka pernyataan beda tinggi diatas tidak mesti sama dengan nol, maka perlu adanya korelasi tinggi dengan rumus : Rumus 1 t = b - m t = (+) - (-) Dimana : t = selisih tinggi b = jumlah pembacaan belakang m = jumlah pembacaan muka (+) = jumlah beda tinggi (+) (-) = jumlah beda tinggi (-) Teknologi dan Rekayasa

30 tn= koreksi untuk setiap titik t = beda tinggi n = jumlah titk
Mencari koreksi untuk setiap titik untuk ini dapat dikerjakan dengan 2 cara : Kesalahan dibagi bagikan kepada semua titik tanpa melihat / memperhitungkan jarak dengan rumus sbb : tn= t / n tn= koreksi untuk setiap titik t = beda tinggi n = jumlah titk misal : Koreksi beda tinggi dari hasil hitungan = + 0,120 m dengan penukuran 6 buah titik maka koreksi tiap titik : tn= t/n = 0.120/6 Teknologi dan Rekayasa

31 Bila ternyata hasil koreksi dibagi banyak titik hasilnya tidak pas.
Masih ada sisa, hendaknya ada pembulatan. Misal selisih tinggi titik awal dan titik akhir t = 0,118 m dengan jumlah titik 7 buah maka koreksi setiap titik 0,118/7 = 0,01685 …diambil tiga angka dibelakang koma menjadi 0,01 atau 0,017. Dengan demikian besar koreksi yang digunakan 0,016 untuk 1 titik = 0,016 m 0,017 untuk 6 titik = 0,102 m Bila koreksi t positif, maka setiap titik diberi koreksi dengan tanda negatif dan sebaliknya. Teknologi dan Rekayasa

32 Rumus : tn= (dn / d) x t Dimana : tn= koreksi dititike n
Cara kedua besar koreksi setiap titik berdasarkan jarak masing-masing titik dengan cara sbb : Rumus : tn= (dn / d) x t Dimana : tn= koreksi dititike n dn = jarak dititik ke n d = jumlah jarak t = koreksi beda tinggi Teknologi dan Rekayasa

33 Contoh 1.Koreksi beda tinggi = + 0,114 m
Sedang jarak pada titik ke 1 = 20 m dan jumlah Jarak = 150 m, maka koreksi beda tinggi ditik 1 Adalah = tn= (dn / d) x t = (20/150) x 0,114 = -0,015m Contoh 2.Koreksi beda tinggi = - 0,131 m Sedang jarak pada titik ke 1 = 16m dan jumlah Jarak = 130 m, maka koreksi beda tinggi ditik 1 Adalah = tn= (dn / d) x t = (16/130) x 0,131 = +0,016m. Teknologi dan Rekayasa

34 Mencari tinggi tiap-tiap titik yang diukur :
Tinggi titik : Tinggi titik sebelumnya ditambah atau dikurangi dengan beda tinggi kemudian ditambah atau dikurangi dengan koreksinya. Contoh 1 : Tinggi titik P = 130 m Beda tinggi P ke 1 = + 0,400 m Koreksi titik 1 = +0,012 m Maka tinggi titik 1 = 130 m + 0,400 m + 0,012 m =130,412m. Contoh 2 : Tinggi titik 1 = 130,412 m Beda tinggi 1 ke 2 = + 0,300 m Koreksi titik 1 = +0,013 m Maka tinggi titik 2 = 130,412m + 0,300 m + 0,013 m =130,313 m Teknologi dan Rekayasa

35 TERIMA KASIH Teknologi dan Rekayasa

36 Teknologi dan Rekayasa