RADICULOPATHY.

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Transcript presentasi:

RADICULOPATHY

Radiculopathy bukanlah suatu kondisi yang spesifik, tetapi merupakan kumpulan gejala atau masalah akibat dari satu atau lebih saraf tepi terganggu dan tidak berfungsi sebagaimana mestinya (neuropathy) Kelaianan khususnya pada akar saraf (nerve root). Hal ini menyebabkan nyeri (sifatnya menjalar atau radikuler), kelemahan, rasa kesemutan, mati rasa, atau kesulitan mengendalikan otot spesifik. Dalam sebuah radiculopathy, masalah berada pada atau di dekat akar saraf, di sepanjang tulang belakang. Namun, rasa sakit atau gejala lain mungkin akan terlihat hingga ekstremitas melalui sebuah proses yang disebut nyeri radikuler Misalnya, jebakan akar saraf di leher dapat menghasilkan rasa sakit dan kelemahan di lengan hingga tangan. Polyradiculopathy adalah nama istilah untuk menjelaskan lebih dari satu akar saraf tulang belakang yang terganggu

Kasus-kasus radiculopathy yang sering adalah Sindroma servikal (cervical root syndrome) Sindroma pleksus brakialis Sindroma pleksus lumbosakral Ischialgia (sciatika) Sindroma saraf interkostalis Berbagai kondisi neuropathy pain (kelainan bukan pada radiks) yang menimbulkan nyeri radikuler hingga ke seluruh saraf bahkan sampai pada radiks, seperti TOCS, CTS, cubital syndrome, guhyon syndrome, piriformis syndrome, peroneal syndrome, tarsal tunnel syndrome, dll

Penyebab Penjepitan/kompresi akar saraf (radiks) di daerah foramen intervertebralis Penyebab terlazim adalah HNP Spondilosis (spondiloarthrosis) Spondilolisthesis Penyebab yang lain Trauma atau trauma kronik Proses inflamasi Tumor, dll

http://www.coreconcepts.com.sg/Pain_Layers.htm

Multiple Layers of Pain Pain is often very complex and rarely attributable to a single cause or factor. For example, in a case of a patient experiencing a tingling sensation down his arm to the finger tips. At the most obvious layer, the symptom of a tingling sensation is felt down. This symptom may be broken down into its set of related causes and effects. For example in a hypothetical case, A common cause of this sensation is due to nerves around the neck (cervical) region being compressed or impinged upon. Take this to be first layer. The second layer then considers why the nerves are being compress or impinged. One reasons may be due to tight and tense muscles in the neck & shoulder region. Nerves run between your muscles and when the muscles are in constant tension, they press against the nerves running next or thru them. So then the third layer seeks to explain why the muscles are tense. Muscles often become tense when they are overworked and/or under constant tension. An example is muscle cramps experienced by a long-distance runner. In this example, the tension was caused by poor posture and repetitive stress. So the fourth layer asks why poor posture. Typically, it is due to poor body awareness and weak postural muscles that are unable to hold the spine in good posture for a prolonged periods of time. Note that this is strictly an example and does not necessarily apply true to all cases where a tingling sensation is felt at their fingers tips. One should always seek proper medical advice from a qualified doctor or physiotherapist

Tanda & Gejala Ggn sensorik Awal: Berlanjut: Nyeri (pada leher utk CS dan pada punggung bawah utk IC) terutama pada malam hari Rasa tebal (hipoesthesia) dan paraesthesia pd distribusi dermatomnya Berlanjut: Nyeri tajam (hingga burning atau lightning pain) dan menjalar sesuai dengan distribusi dermatomnya, diperburuk oleh batuk, mengejan

Kelemahan dan atrofi otot-otot yang disarafi Gangguan motorik: Tanpa keluhan motorik Kelemahan dan atrofi otot-otot yang disarafi Prognosis: Tergantung pada kelainan yang melatarbelakangi

Terapi Causatif: penyakit/kelainan yang melatarbelakangi Simptomatis: pengurangan rasa nyeri Operatif

Pemeriksaan Anamnesis: keluhan utama, penyebab, waktu, rps, rpd yang terkait, riwayat keluarga, riwayat pengobatan/terapi Pemeriksaan fisik: inspeksi, palpasi Pemeriksaan tanda vital: tek.darah, resp. rate, nadi, suhu Pemeriksaan khusus Pemeriksaan fungsional Pemeriksaan tambahan: Ro, CT scan, MRI, dll

Pemeriksaan khusus Sensorik Nyeri Motorik: MMT, LGS Pemeriksaan postur Tes kompresi, traksi, Naffziger Khusus IC: LGS fungsional, Straight leg raising: lasseque, Bragard, Neri, Patrick, Contra Patrick

Fisioterapi Sesuai problematik dari hasil pemeriksaan Causatif ?? Simptomatik: mengurangi penjepitan: traksi mengurangi nyeri Heating: SWD, MWD, IR, hot pack, US kontinyu Pemblokiran impulse nyeri: TENS, AFM Relaksasi/sedasi: pasif ROM, gentle massage ggn motorik Terapi latihan Mencegah indirect impairment Latihan fungsional Supportif/edukasi