by. Upi

BIO + DIVERSITY BIO = Life DIVERSITY = Variety

We’ll learn … Biodiversity Concept Indonesian Biodiversity Benefits of Biodiversity

Make your own Biodiversity concept! Biodiversity refers to the variety of living organisms on the planet, including their genes, ecosystems, and community interactions

WWF (1989): Keanekaragaman hidup di bumi, mencakup jutaan spesies tumbuhan, hewan, dan mikroorganisme; materi genetik yang dikandungnya; serta ekosistem yang dibangun sehingga menjadi sebuah lingkungan hidup

variety of different characteristics (Biotic and abiotic factors) Norse et al. (1986) Genetic Biodiversity Ecological Biodiversity Species Biodiversity variety of different characteristics (Biotic and abiotic factors) variety of different versions of same genes within a species variety of different kinds of organisms within a community

Perbedaan gen menyebabkan adanya variasi dalam spesies yang sama KEANEKARAGAMAN GENETIK (keanekaragaman dalam satu spesies) KEANEKARAGAMAN SPESIES (ANTAR SPESIES YANG BERBEDA) KEANEKARAGAMAN EKOSISTEM (ANTAR EKOSISTEM)

Keanekaragaman pada spesies yang berbeda KEANEKARAGAMAN GENETIK (PADA SETIAP SPESIES YANG SAMA) KEANEKARAGAMAN SPESIES (ANTAR SPESIES YANG BERBEDA) KEANEKARAGAMAN EKOSISTEM (ANTAR EKOSISTEM)

Perbedaan faktor Biotik dan Abiotik dalam suatu ekosistem KEANEKARAGAMAN GENETIK (PADA SETIAP SPESIES YANG SAMA) KEANEKARAGAMAN SPESIES (ANTAR SPESIES YANG BERBEDA) KEANEKARAGAMAN EKOSISTEM (ANTAR EKOSISTEM)

megabiodiversitas Fauna Oriental, Australis & Peralihan Flora Malesiana Flora & Fauna Endemik - Langka Koordinat geografis: 06°04' 30"LU (Pulau Rondo) - 11° 00' 36"LS (Pulau Dana) dan dari 94° 58' 21"BT (Pulau Benggala) - 141° 01' 10"BT (Sungai Torasi) Wilayah: total darat: 1.922.570 km² daratan non-air: 1.829.570 km² daratan berair: 93.000 km² lautan: 3.257.483 km² http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografi_Indonesia

Fauna Oriental, Australis & Peralihan Garis Wallace dan Webber : membagi Indonesia menjadi 3 bagian

Mamalia berukuran besar. Banyak jenis primata. Fauna ORIENTAL Fauna AUSTRALIS Mamalia berukuran besar. Banyak jenis primata. Warna bulu burung kurang Mamalia berukuran kecil. Mamalia berkantong. Warna bulu burung beragam dan menarik. Fauna PERALIHAN Transisi Oriental-Australis (Sulawesi dan Nusa Tenggara) hewan-hewan dengan ciri khas tersendiri. Ex: komodo di Pulau Komodo (NTT), babi rusa, anoa dan burung maleo di Sulawesi

titik balik rasi bintang Cancer & rasi bintang Capricornus : 23°27’ LU dan 23°27’ LS Tropical Rainforests mainly grow in Three different regions; The Malesian botanical subkingdom which includes Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuata, parts of Indochina, tropical Australia Tropical South and Central America, Amazon Basin West and Central Africa. mywhite-2014

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The average temperature (suhu rata-rata) is between 20 and 29 oC ( 68 and 84 oF.) The rainfall (curah hujan) count is greater then 1,800 to 2,500 mm a year. The average humidity (kelembaban) is between 77 and 88% Evergreen Tree  produce 40% of earth oxygen Many layers and consists of Epiphytes and Lianas High animal and vegetal diversity Close Nutrient Cycle (Siklus hara tertutup)

Emergent layer : Lapisan penembus, Highest layer; trees can be 200 feet high; Sunlight is plentiful up. Animals found are eagles, monkeys, bats and butterflies. Canopy layer : Upper canopy; Lapisan penutup, trees can be 60 to 130 feet high; Most trees have smooth, oval leaves that come to a point; Most of the rainforest’s animals live; so much food that some animals never go down. Understory layer : Lower canopy; Lapisan bawah, consists of 60 foot tree; Little sunshine reaches here (2-5% sunlight) so the plants have to grow larger leaves to reach the sunlight. Little air movement; Constant shade; Many animals live here including jaguars, red-eyed tree frogs and leopards and many insects. Forest floor: Lantai hutan, very dark; 0-2% sunlight; Things begin to decay very quickly;

Stratification of Niches in a Tropical Rain Forest Emergent layer 45 Harpy eagle 40 35 Toco toucan Canopy 30 Height (meters) 25 20 Understory Wooly opossum 15 10 Brazilian tapir Shrub layer 5 Black-crowned antpitta Ground layer mywhite-2014

Values of Biodiversity Ecological values Economic Cultural