Civil Society Oleh: Yesi Marince. M.Si.

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Transcript presentasi:

Civil Society Oleh: Yesi Marince. M.Si

perumus civil society menyusun kerangka dasar sebagai berikut (Gamble, 1988: 47-48): …the state as an association between the members of a society rather than as the personal domain of a monarch, and furthermore as an association that is unique among all the associations in civil society because of the role it plays.  Thinking of the state as an association between all members of a society means ascribing to it supreme authority to make and enforce laws –the general rules that regulate social arrangements and social relationships.  If the state is accorded such a role, and if it is to be a genuine association between all members of the community, it follows that its claim to supreme authority cannot be based upon the hereditary title of a royal line, but must originate in the way in which rulers are related to the ruled. 

Dengan penjelasan di atas, Gamble (1988: 54) menyimpulkan bahwa teori negara modern mencakup dua tema sentral yaitu sovereignty; dan political economy, the problem of the relationship of state power to civil society. 

Sedangkan, konsep civil society lebih berkait dengan tema kedua itu, yaitu:  …how government should related to the private, individualist world of civil society organized around commodity production, individual exchange, and money; what policies and purposes it should pursue and how the general interest should be defined.  Two principal lines of thought emerged.  In the first, the state came to be regarded as necessarily subordinate to civil society; in the second, it was seen as a sphere which included but also transcended civil society and countered its harmful effects.  These different conceptions were later to form one of the major dividing lines in modern liberalism. 

Dalam konteks di Indonesia, civil society yang diinginkan sebenarnya bukanlah dalam pengertian civil society yang berasal dalam posisi yang oposisional (counterbalancing the state), tapi lebih merupakan sebagai critical partner dari Negara. Dimana Negara memberikan kebebasan yang bertanggung jawab kepada kelompok-kelompok masyarakat yang mewakili setiap kepentingan-kepentingan yang diembannya berdasarkan kebenaran dan keadilan.

Civil society merupakan gerakan social diluar negara yang mengartikulasikan kepentingan-kepentingan diluar negara untuk mencapai tujuannya yaitu mempengaruhi kebijakan publik sehingga kepentingan kelompoknya dapat disalurkan dan terakomodasikan oleh negara.

Untuk mewujudkan civil society di Indonesia dalam arti sebenarnya diperlukan kesadaran kelompok-kelompok masyarakat tersebut bahwa mereka harus “berbadan besi berhati baja” ketika dihadapkan oleh masalah-masalah yang a-moral dalam arti sebenarnya, dan menyadari sangat pentingnya pendidikan bagi masyarakat Indonesia sehinga civil society tetap memiliki karakter self-regulating, self-supporting dan voluntary.