Persiapan Kegiatan PMR Kelompok Kerja Industri: “Penyusunan dan Pengembangan Sisem MRV Pelaporan Emisi GRK” Gambaran Profil Emisi Nasional Industri Manufaktur dan Pentingnya Penyusunan baseline Emisi oleh Retno Gumilang Dewi Bogor, 18 – 20 September 2017

Gambaran Emisi GRK Nasional 1 Sektor Energi, IPPU, dan Limbah

Current SITUATION of NATIONAL GHG Emissions Sectors MTon CO2e % Average Annual Growth 2000 2012 2014 Energy 298 508 577 30 35 32 4.5% IPPU 41 40 4 3 2 0.1% Agriculture 96 113 113.4 10 8 6 1.3% LULUCF * 505 695 979.4 51 48 54 2.7% Waste 61 97 98.4 7 4.0% Total 1,001 1,454 1808   3.2% *) incl. peat fire GHG Energy and Waste will surpass AFOLU *) including peat fire Waste sector contributes 7% of national GHG emissions. In 2000-2012, GHG from waste grew faster, 4.0%/year. Population growth, increasing wealth and industrial activities will cause the trend of continue increasing GHG emission in Indonesia. The accuracy of GHG emission calculation in this sector is important, within the context of developing inventory as well as within the context of mitigation planning and implementation 2014 - 1.808.305 million ton Source: Indonesia 1st BUR (MoEF, 2016) Source: Indonesia 1st BUR, MoEF 2015 3 3

Profil Emisi GRK* Nasional Sektor Energi Notes: *DIRECT EMISSION FROM FUEL COMBUSTION

Profil Konsumsi Energi sektor Industri

Type of gas Type of Sources

IPPU Other Uses of Soda Ash Iron and Steel Ammonia Cement

43.15 Ggram CO2e [2015] 36.12 Ggram CO2e [2010]

Emisi GRK dari Pengolahan Limbah Industri CPO Vegetable Fruits and Juices Starch Pulp and Paper Source 1st BUR, MoEF, 2015

Waste Sector Sumber: Indonesia First BUR, KLHK 2015 Inventarisasi emisi GRK: Domestic Wastewater, Domestic Solid Waste, dan Sebagian Industrial Waste Water telah menggunakan parameter dan Faktor Emisi Lokal

GHG Emission Distribution Of Waste Sector (2012) By Sources By Type of Gas Total (2012): 97 Ggram CO2e 14,189 Ggram CO2e 26,668 Ggram CO2e 38,180 Ggram CO2e Source: Indonesia 1st BUR (MoEF, 2016)

Sumber Utama Emisi GRK SEKTOR INDUSTRI 2 Energy, IPPU dan Limbah INDUSTRI

Sumber Utama Emisi GRK Sektor Industri Industry has Potential GHG Emission ENERGY Scope 1 Direct Emission from Fossil Fuels Combustion Scope 2 Indirect Emission from Electricity Utilization Biomass Utilization WASTE Waste Water Treatment (WTP) Sludge Treatment Solid Waste or Contaminated Materials IPPU Industrial Processes Product Utilization

Emisi GRK (Direct/Indirect) Sektor Industri End-use sector: one-half of direct combustion emissions are from fuel burning in industry; Emissions from power is accounted by building (60%) and industry (40%)

Emisi GRK (DIRECT) dari Penggunan Energi Di Industri Petrochemicals Iron and Steel Aluminum Textile F/B

Role Of Pulp And Paper Industry IN THE NATIONAL GHG EMISSION ENERGY RELATED ACTIVITY Source 1st BUR, MoEF, 2015 Industry/Manufacture

Pentingnya Penyusunan Baseline Emisi 3 Energy, IPPU dan Limbah INDUSTRI

Leapfrog-Development Indonesia First NDC and Long Term Mitigation Actions GHG emissions per capita Time Developing Countries Leapfrog-Development Indonesia (2014) 0.48 ton C/capita World Target (2050): 0.44 ton C/capita Indonesia BAU (2050): ??? ton C/capita International (2005), t C/cap Japan, UK, Germany 2.5 US 5.5; Canada 4.2 India 0.3; China 0,6 World (average) 1.0 – 1.1 To keep increasing of Global Temperature not more than 2o 2020 2030 2040 2050 2010 RAN 26% & 41% Indonesia NDC 29% & up to 41% mitigation baseline (BaU) GHG emission, Gt/year In line with Low Carbon Development Indonesia NDC (Nationally Determine Contribution) Remarks Sector Base Year, 2010 (MTon CO2-e) GHG Emission 2030 (Mton CO2-e) % reduction of BaU BaU CM1 CM2 Energy* 453.2 1,669 1,355 1,271 11% 14% Waste 88 296 285 270 0.38% 1% IPPU 36 69.6 66.85 66.35 0.10% 0.11% Agriculture 110.5 119.66 110.39 115.86 0.32% 0.13% Forestry** 647 714 217 64 17.20% 23% Total 1,334 2,869 2,034 1,787 29% 38% *Including fugitive; **Including peat fire; CM1 = unconditional, CM2 = conditional BaU Development Path not deliberated the mitigation policies CM1 Mitigation scenario & considers sectoral development target (Unconditionally) CM2 Ambitious mitigation scenario + International support available (conditionally) Source: Indonesia first NDC 2016; Rencana Aksi Nasional Penurunan Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca

GHG Emission Baseline and Mitigation Scenario Base year (2010) 2020 2030 ....... Baseline Scenario Mtigation Scenario GHG Emission Level Baseline is a forecast of GHG emissions level scenario in the absence of specific measures and policies or regulations that lead to the occurrence of the reduction of GHG emission or the enhancement of GHG sequestration Baseline = which is expected to occur if no mitigation actions Mitigation a forecast of GHG emissions level scenario if there are efforts, specific measures and policies or regulations that lead to the occurrence of the reduction of GHG emission or the enhancement of GHG sequestration GHG Reduction = Baseline – Mitigation Precondition: The number and quality of products and services from development activities in baseline scenario is not diminished by mitigation activities 1919

Penurunan Intensitas EMISI GRK AKSI MITIGASI Base year (2010) GHG Emission Reduction Baseline GHG Emissions level 2012 Mitigation Year -n GHG Emission Intensity Baseline GHG Emission Intensity Mitigation (from GHG Inventory) Baseline (refer to international technology)

Penghitungan Pengurangan Emisi GRK Kegiatan Mitigasi Penghitungan pengurangan emisi GRK kegiatan mitigasi membutuhkan: baseline emisi GRK, yaitu kondisi/skenario yang secara rasional menggambarkan proyeksi emisi GRK yang timbul jika tidak ada kegiatan mitigasi yang direncanakan estimasi tingkat emisi GRK setelah mitigasi dilaksanakan. Baseline emisi GRK  inventarisasi pada base year dan proyeksi potensi emisi GRK sebelum pelaksanaan kegiatan. Emisi GRK skenario mitigasi adalah tingkat emisi GRK setelah pelaksanaan kegiatan mitigasi yang direncanakan Pengurangan/reduksi emisi GRK adalah selisih antara emisi baseline dan emisi GRK setelah mitigasi dilaksanakan.

Penghitungan Tingkat emisi GRK Aksi-aksi Mitigasi Contoh: Pemanfaatan Recovery Gas Methane dari Kegiatan di Industri Total reduksi inisiatif industri (proyek + non-proyek) Emisi, ton CO2e Reduksi dari proyek mitigasi Walaupun tidak ada aksi/proyek mitigasi di tahun 2015 dan 2016 namun total reduksi masih tetap ada dan dilaporkan Baseline Base year 2010 2013 2014 2015 2016 Ada aksi mitigasi yang terorganisir/terencana, Proyek RAD, atau lainnya Ada aksi mitigasi inisiatif individu/kelompok (non proyek)

GHG Emission Projection and Mitigation Parameter Utama Untuk suatu fasilitas pengolahan limbah, tingkat emisi GRK diperkirakan berdasarkan dua parameter utama, yaitu Data Aktivitas (AD) dan Faktor Emisi (EF). Emisi CH4 = Data Aktivitas (AD) x Faktor Emisi (EF) AD mewakili besaran kegiatan antropogenik yang potensial dalam menghasilkan emisi GRK, yaitu jumlah (massa) limbah yang diolah di fasilitas pengolahan selama satu tahun. EF mewakili jumlah CH4 yang dihasilkan dari setiap unit AD; nilai EF bergantung pada karakteristik dan teknologi pengolahan limbah. GHG Emission Level = Activity Data (AD) x EF Provide by sector GHG Emission Projection = AD (projection) x EF Sectoral Projection  provide by sector

Proyeksi Emisi GRK IPPU Sektor Industri

Proyeksi Data Aktivitas EMISI GRK IPPU

Proyeksi Emisi GRK IPPU

PROYEKSI EMISI BASELINE dan MITIGASI Contoh Penggunaan Baseline Pada PENGHITUNGAN REDUKSI EMISI GRK INDUSTRI 4 PROYEKSI EMISI BASELINE dan MITIGASI

Mitigasi Emisi GRK Kegiatan Energi Industri Semen Konsumsi Energi Direct Emission year TJ/year Cementitious Em. Factor kg CO2/ton cementitious BaU, kG CO2 Inventory, kG CO2 Reduksi emisi, kG CO2 2009 121,833 41,071,493.35 96 284 11,647,000,209 - 2010 123,415 41,590,382.38 283 11,794,146,078 11,790,192,698 3,953,380 2011 112,797 46,677,536.05 231 13,236,754,444 10,787,560,234 2,449,194,210 2012 145,792 53,209,720.59 263 15,089,142,769 13,973,744,726 1,115,398,043 2013 150,259 55,430,791.89 260 15,718,991,253 14,415,536,823 1,303,454,430 2014 151,988 57,035,904.07 255 16,174,166,859 14,562,185,526 1,611,981,333 2015 143,903 56,848,660.05 243 16,121,068,447 13,795,194,533 2,325,873,913

Emisi Baseline dan Mitigasi - IPPU DI Industri Semen Ggram CO2e Year Baseline Mitigasi Reduksi 2010 18,782,915 2011 21,080,359 20,507,115 573,245 2012 24,030,404 22,911,704 1,118,700 2013 25,033,477 24,041,594 991,883 2014 25,758,373 24,192,050 1,566,322 2015 25,673,810 23,944,618 1,729,192 Termasuk transaksi CDM Baseline Produksi Klinker Produksi Cementitious Clinker ratio Emission Spesific (kg C02/ton cementitious) Calcination, BAU Emission Spesific (kg C02/ton cementitious) Calcination, reduction Emission Spesific (kg C02/ton cementitious) Calcination, reduction (NEW) Emisi BAU Emisi Inventory reduction CDM ISSUANCE AFTER CDM PROJECT 2009 35,039,156 41,071,493 0.85 473 19,430,304 -   2010 35,377,840 41,590,382 0.83 452 18,782,915 -892,868 2011 37,636,903 46,677,536 0.80 439 21,080,359 20,507,115 573,245 674,938 -101,693 2012 41,454,326 53,209,721 0.78 431 24,030,404 22,911,704 1,118,700 443,762 2013 43,922,620 55,430,792 0.79 434 25,033,477 24,041,594 991,883 316,945 2014 44,264,031 57,035,904 424 25,758,373 24,192,050 1,566,322 891,384 2015 43,026,681 56,848,660 0.77 421 25,673,810 23,944,618 1,729,192 1,054,254

POTENSI REDUKSI

Sumber Utama Emisi GRK Industri Pupuk Ammonia-Urea Year Ton NH3 IPPU Direct Emission, Ton In-direct Emissions CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e 2010 4,995,753 5,853,541 3,478,631 62 7 3,482,114 123,425 2011 4,920,609 5,905,585 4,024,206 68 15 4,030,421 152,408 2012 4,945,723 5,968,874 3,991,176 67 16 3,997,392 186,522 2013 4,676,383 5,412,347 4,352,846 70 22 4,361,203 230,777 2014 5,233,421 6,357,572 4,927,162 75 33 4,938,971 292,781 2015 5,984,277 7,687,177 4,996,756 77 32 5,008,175 273,250

Benchmark Konsumsi Gas Alam Ammonia Plant

Proyeksi Emisi GRK Baseline dan Mitigasi Ggram CO2e Year Baseline Mitigasi Reduksi 2010 7,328 - 2011 7,110 5,906 1,205 2012 7,167 5,969 1,198 2013 6,596 5,412 1,183 2014 7,946 6,358 1,588 2015 9,608 7,687 1,921

Potensi Reduksi Emisi GRK Pupuk Amonia Urea

Mitigasi Emisi GRK IPPU Produksi Asam Nitrat Emisi ton (ton N2O) Emisi ton (ton CO2e) Year baseline inventori Reduksi 2010 289 - 89,654 2011 287 88,847 2012 1,216 838 378 377,016 259,833 117,183 2013 1,674 973 701 518,985 301,774 217,211 2014 1,691 1,049 642 524,204 325,221 198,983 2015 1,536 1,115 421 476,069 345,704 130,365 2016 2,373 1,210 1,164 735,698 375,011 360,687

POTENSI REDUKSI

Aluminum (Al)

Proyeksi Emisi GRK Baseline dan Mitigasi Produksi Aluminum Ton CO2e year Baseline Inventory Reduksi 2010 656 531 125 2011 431 224 2012 433 222 2013 461 195 2014 358 297 2015 462 194 2016

TERIMAKASIH gelangdewi@yahoo.com gelang@che.itb.ac.id