KONSEP DASAR RISET KUALITATIF Iis Indriayani Pertemuan III

Definisi riset kualitatif 1 Filosofi dan teori yang mendasari riset kualitatif 2 Karakteristik riset Kualitatif 3 Perbedaan antara riset kualitatif dan kuantitatif 4 Perkembangan riset kualitatif dlm Keperawatan 5

DEFINISI RISET KUALITATIF

“ penelitian yang pada umumnya menjelaskan dan memberi pemahaman dan intrepretasi tentang berbagai perilaku dan pengalaman manusia (individu) dalam berbagai bentuk” (Afiyanti & Rachmawati, 2014) Penelitian Kualitatif “Jenis penelitian yang menghasilkan penemuan-penemuan yang tidak dapat dicapai (diperoleh) den gan menggunakan prosedur-prosedur statistik atau cara-cara lain dari kuantifikasi (pengukuran) “ (Strauss & Corbin)

Situasi atau fenomena yang dapat diteliti Dengan pendekatan kualitatif Pengalaman hidup seseorang Berbagai isu-isu sosial, ekonomi, dan politik Proses hubungan sosial individu dengan individu lain Pemahaman budaya, perilaku atau suatu kebiasaan dari suatu budaya

Ciri-ciri Penelitian Kualitatif Data yang dikumpulkan dalam kondisi yang alamiah atau asli Mengutamakan data langsung ‘first hand’ Mengutamakan perspektif emik Pengambilan sampel biasa puposif Memerlukan analisis sejak awal penelitian Peneliti sbg alat penelitian Data berupa kata-kata, gambar dan bukan angka- angka Lebih mementingkan proses dari pada hasil

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Sejarah Perkembangan Riset Kualitatif sekarang mazhab Chicago pada abad ke 17 Amerika. Jerman. “Immediate Future” metode penelitian kualitatif berada di bawah payung paradigma interpretif atau feno menologi yang menggunakan tradisi berpikir ilmu-ilmu sosial, khususnya sosiologi dan antropologi untuk memahami gejala sosial yang dilakukan se seorang atau sekelompo k orang dalam suatu peri stiwa. Study etnografi Post-eksperimental

Perbedaan Riset Kualitatif dengan Kuantitatif KualitatifKuantitatif TujuanMemberi gambaran/deskripsi terhadap fen omena yang diteliti dari partisipan, memah ami, menghasilkan teori Memberi perhitungan dan pengukuran berupa angka terhadap fenomena yang diteliti, menc ari hubungan sebab akibat, menguji hipotesis, memprediksi dan mengontrol PendekatanBersumber pada kealamiahan data, multi realitas, fokus yang luas, berorientasi pad a proses, keterikatan pada konteks, persp ektif holistik Bersumber pada objektivitas data atau situasi yang diciptakan, satu realitas, fokus spesifik, berorientasi pada produk, bebas dari konteks, perspektif reduktif SampelPartisipan, informan, unit sampling seperti tempat, waktu dan konsep, pengambilan s ampel yang fleksibel yang berkembang se lama penelitian. Sampel bukan didasarkan pada besaran tetapi pada kedalaman data Responden, subjek Besar sampel menjadi hal yang memengaruhi hasil penelitian

KualitatifKuantitatif Pengumpulan data Peneliti melakukan melakukan k ontak langsung dengan partisipa n, tidak menjaga jarak dengan c ara wawancara mendalam yang tidak berstandar, observasi parti sipan/studi lapangan, studi duko men, foto dan video Menjaga objektivitas dengan mene rapkan jarak antara peneliti dan par tisipan dan aturan ketat dengan ku esioner, wawancara berstandar, ob servasi yang berstruktur ketat, dok umen, RCT (Randomized Controlle d Trial) instrumenPeneliti sebagai instrumen utam a penelitian Instrumen yang digunakan seperti kuesioner, alat ukur (timbangan, th ermometer, meteran dll), alat uji dia gnostik Analisa DataAnalisa data bersifat induktif (ber asal dari data penelitian). Denga n cara tematik, analisa komparat if, berlangsung bersamaan deng an kegiatan pengumpulan data Analisa data bersifat deduktif (bera sal dari teori atau studi sebelumnya ) dengan perhitungan statistik. Dila kukan setelah pengumpulan data l engkap dan tuntas

KualitatifKuantitatif HasilSebuah cerita/narasi, teori, etno grafi Hasil yang terukur ValiditasTrustworthiness (keabsahan dat a), keaslian Validitas internal/eksternal re alibilitas Sumber : Cresswell, 2013; Holloway &Wheeler, 1996; dan Streubert & Carpenter, 2011

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FILOSOFI DAN TEORI YANG MENDASARI RISET KUALITATIF ONTOLOGI EPISTEMOLOGI AKSIOLOGI METODOLOGI Apa yang ada didunia Hakikatnya sejati Realitas manusia Yang diketahui peneliti Relasi peneliti- partisipan. Nilai yang diyakini peneliti Biasa peneliti. Prosedur Logika induktif.

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