MENGENAL KEPRIBADIAN DAN TEMPERAMEN Pertemuan 3

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Transcript presentasi:

MENGENAL KEPRIBADIAN DAN TEMPERAMEN Pertemuan 3 Matakuliah : Character Building 1 Tahun : 2009 - 2010 MENGENAL KEPRIBADIAN DAN TEMPERAMEN Pertemuan 3

Definisi Kepribadian Gordon Allport : “Kepribadian adalah organisasi dinamis di dalam individu yang terdiri dari sistem-sistem psikofisik yang menentukan tingkah-laku dan pikirannya secara karakteristik dalam menyesuaikan diri terhadap lingkungan” Bina Nusantara University

Allport’s definition of Personality “Personality is the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his unique adjustments to the environment.”

Components of Allport’s definition 1. Dynamic organization: Refers to Allport’s view that to be healthy, we need to integrate all parts of our personality into a whole.

2. Psychophysical Systems Allport argued that biology influences our personality development. He accepted the idea that temperament, constitutes an inherited biological foundation for personality. There is some evidence that this might be the case. The temperaments of young children tend to be consistent into adulthood.

3. Determinative Allport argued that traits are not just predictor’s of behavior, they actually determine (cause) behavior. Allport felt these were actually physical (tangible) although he didn’t know how they related to the neural systems.

4. Unique Allport felt that traits are highly individualized or unique. He disagreed with theorists who asserted that one or a few instincts motivate all people (sexual drives, striving for superiority).

5. Adjustments to the Environment Allport felt that our personalities develop as a function of learning to adapt to social situations while trying to achieve our needs.

DEFINISI KARAKTER Gordon Allport “Character is personality evaluated aand personality is character devaluated”. Artinya : Kalau menilai  karakter Kalau menggambarkan apa adanya  kepribadian

Definisi Temperamen Gordon Allport Temperamen adalah gejala karakteristik daripada sifat individu, termasuk juga mudah tidaknya terkena rangsangan emosi, kekuatan serta kecepatannya bereaksi, kualitas kekuatan suasana hatinya, segala cara daripada fluktuasi dan intensitas suasana hati. Gejala ini bergantung pada faktor konstitusional (tubuh). Pengertian umum : temperamen adalah faktor bawaan yang cenderung mempengaruhi suasana hati atau cara menanggapi stimulus yang “mengganggu” bagi individu.

TEORI-TEORI KEPRIBADIAN Teori-teori kepribadian dikembangkan oleh para pakar psikologi Teori yang disampaikan dalam perkuliahan ini hanya bersifat pengantar saja, tidak akan dibahas secara mendalam. Oleh karena itu, mungkin tidak bisa dipakai oleh mahasiswa untuk menganalisa perilaku orang lain. Bina Nusantara University

POKOK BAHASAN TEORI PSIKOANALISA TEORI TRAIT TEORI SOCIAL COGNITIVE TEORI HUMANISTIC PENDEKATAN BIOLOGIS Bina Nusantara University

PSIKOANALISA Tokoh pencetus teori ini adalah Sigmund Freud Teori ini dikembangkan Freud berdasarkan pengamatan pada pasien-pasiennya. Bina Nusantara University

DASAR PEMIKIRAN FREUD Manusia pada dasarnya memiliki motif yang tidak disadari (motif konstruktif dan dekonstruktif). Kepribadian manusia terbentuk karena konflik antar motif-motif yang bertentangan, perasaan cemas atas motif-motif yang tidak dikehendaki, dan “defense mechanism” yang terbentuk untuk mengatasi rasa cemas tersebut. Bina Nusantara University

TEORI TRAIT Tokohnya : Gordon Allport Menurut Allport, kepribadian kita yang khas merupakan kumpulan dari sejumlah trait. Jika kita tahu trait-trait yang selalu ditampilkan seseorang, maka kita pasti bisa menjabarkan kepribadiannya. Bina Nusantara University

Pengertian Trait Trait adalah perilaku yang cenderung menetap atau konsisten untuk jangka waktu yang cukup panjang. Contohnya : pemalu, pemarah, ramah. Bina Nusantara University

Turunan teori Trait Teori mengenai trait ini banyak digunakan dalam pembuatan alat tes kepribadian karena penjelasannya cukup mudah dipahami orang awam. Teori Big Five Personality merupakan salah satu turunan teori Trait yang cukup populer digunakan untuk menjabarkan kepribadian seseorang. Bina Nusantara University

Big Five Personality - OCEAN Openness Consciousness Extraversion Agreeable Neuroticism

Openness - appreciation for art, emotion, adventure, unusual ideas, imagination, curiosity, and variety of experience. Conscientiousness - a tendency to show self-discipline, act dutifully, and aim for achievement; planned rather than spontaneous behavior. Extraversion - energy, positive emotions, surgency, and the tendency to seek stimulation and the company of others. Agreeableness - a tendency to be compassionate and cooperative rather than suspicious and antagonistic towards others. Neuroticism - a tendency to experience unpleasant emotions easily, such as anger, anxiety, depression, or vulnerability; sometimes called emotional instability.

BIG FIVE PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS Extraversion Emotionality Conscientiousness Agreeableness Openness High Sociable Moody Systematic Kind Artistic Impulsive Anxious Meticulous Helpful Creative Assertive Unstable Efficient Sympathetic Complex Low Quiet Calm Disorganized Cold Simple Restrained Relaxed Careless Rude Shallow Withdrawn Content Lazy Unpleasant Practical BINA NUSANTARA 21 21

OPENNESS I am full of ideas. I am quick to understand things. I have a rich vocabulary. I have a vivid imagination. I have excellent ideas. I spend time reflecting on things. I use difficult words. I am not interested in abstract ideas. (reversed) I do not have a good imagination. (reversed) I have difficulty understanding abstract ideas. (reversed)

CONSCIOUSNESS I am always prepared. I am exacting in my work. I follow a schedule. I get chores done right away. I like order. I pay attention to details. I leave my belongings around. (reversed) I make a mess of things. (reversed) I often forget to put things back in their proper place. (reversed) I don't shirk my duties. (reversed)

EXTRAVERSION I am the life of the party. I don't mind being the center of attention. I feel comfortable around people. I start conversations. I talk to a lot of different people at parties. I am quiet around strangers. (reversed) I don't like to draw attention to myself. (reversed) I don't talk a lot. (reversed) I have little to say. (reversed)

AGREEABLENESS I am interested in people. I feel others’ emotions. I have a soft heart. I make people feel at ease. I sympathize with others’ feelings. I take time out for others. I am not interested in other people’s problems. (reversed) I am not really interested in others. (reversed) I feel little concern for others. (reversed) I insult people. (reversed)

NEUROTICISM I am easily disturbed. I change my mood a lot. I get irritated easily. I get stressed out easily. I get upset easily. I have frequent mood swings. I often feel blue. I worry about things. I am relaxed most of the time. (reversed) I seldom feel blue.(reversed)

SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORY Tokoh : Julian Rotter dan George Kelly Dasarnya : Bila individu dihadapkan pada kejadian yang sama, interpretasi masing-masing individu akan berbeda, akibatnya perilaku setiap orang pun berbeda. Teori ini dikembangkan oleh Albert Bandura menjadi Social Learning Theory  perilaku kita merupakan hasil pembelajaran dari lingkungan sosial. Bina Nusantara University

HUMANISTIC Tokohnya : Carl Rogers dan Abraham Maslow Pokok pikirannya : Manusia selalu memiliki keinginan untuk menjadi lebih baik (ideal concept). Bila kondisi atau anggapan dirinya saat ini sangat berbeda dari ideal concept-nya, individu akan mengalami masalah emosional. Bina Nusantara University

PENDEKATAN BIOLOGIS Pendekatan biologis menganggap bahwa perilaku manusia dipengaruhi oleh faktor genetik. Pemikiran / konsep tentang temperamen tergolong dalam pendekatan ini. Bina Nusantara University

SEJARAH KONSEP TEMPERAMEN Hippocrates (Yunani, 460 – 370 SM): Ada 4 cairan di dalam tubuh : darah, empedu kuning, empedu hitam, & lendir (phlegma). Cairan tersebut membentuk 4 temperamen : 1. Sanguin (Sanguine) - Darah - Hidup 2. Kolerik (Choleric) - Cairan empedu kuning(Choler) - Aktif 3. Melankolik (Melancholy) - Cairan empedu hitam - Murung 4. Flegmatik (Phlegmatic) - Cairan phlegma - Lambat

TOKOH TEORI TEMPERAMEN Immanuel Kant * Ekstrovert & Introvert * Setiap orang hanya memiliki 1 jenis temperamen. Florence Littaeur (Personality Plus) * Masing-masing orang didominasi 1 temperamen yg dominan, dan bisa disertai dengan temperamen yang terbentuk dari lingkungan. Tim La Haye (The Spirit Controlled Temperament) * Semua orang bisa memiliki paduan 2 temperamen yang manapun secara dominan * Temperamen bisa diubah oleh kuasa Tuhan.

Moods profile Ekstrovert Introvert Sanguinis Populer Melankolis Sempurna Kolerik Kuat Phlegmatis Damai Ekstrovert Introvert

Perpaduan Temperamen SanChlor, SanMel, SanPhleg ChlorSan, ChlorMel, ChlorPhleg. MelSan, MelChlor, MelPhleg PhlegSan, PhlegChlor, PhlegMel.

MANFAAT MENGETAHUI KEPRIBADIAN Untuk membantu menyadari kelebihan dan kelemahan diri Dengan demikian bisa memikirkan cara untuk mengatasinya. Untuk membantu merencanakan masa depan.

TUGAS Individu : Kelompok : Diskusikan salah satu teori kepribadian yang ada dalam pertemuan ini. Buat essay singkat mengenai teori kepribadian tersebut! Individu : Tuliskan pendapat mengenai trait Anda, dari 2 orang terdekat! Bina Nusantara University