Sekilas Profesi Manajemen Rekayasa Industri Rizal Affandi Lukman TI 80 Kementerian Koordinator Bidang Perekonomian

OUTLINE PRESENTASI Apa itu Manajemen Rekayasa Industri (Engineering Management)? Driven Factors for Economic Growth The Future of Work (Human Society & Business) Indonesian Vision 2025 Modernisasi Russia

PRODI MRI DI ITB Manajemen Rekayasa Industri (Engineering Management) di Institut Teknologi Bandung adalah Pioneer sekaligus pilot project program studi MRI yang pertama di Indonesia. Jurusan baru (sejak 2 tahun yang lalu) di Fakultas Teknologi Industri yang merupakan pecahan dari Teknik Industri .

Apa itu MRI? Engineering management adalah cabang ilmu TEKNIK yang diakui oleh ABET (Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology). Menurut IEEE “Engineering management is the discipline addressed to making and implementing decisions for strategic and operational leadership in current and emerging technologies and their impacts on interrelated systems”.

Apa itu MRI? .............. lanjutan Menurut Omurtag “Enginering Management is Designing, Operating, and continuously improving purposeful system of people, machines, money, time, information, and energy by integrating engineering and management knowledge, techniques, and skills to achieve desired goals in technological enterprise through concern for the environment, quality, and etchics”

Apa itu MRI? .............. lanjutan Menurut Wiki Pedia: Engineering Management is a specialized form of management and engineering that is concerned with the application of engineering principles to business practice. Engineering Management is a career that brings together the technological problem-solving savvy of engineering and the organizational, administrative, and planning abilities of management in order to oversee complex enterprises from conception to completion.

Seorang Engineering Manager kerjanya beda dari manajer2 biasa, karena seorang Engineering Manager punya keahlian untuk mengaplikasikan engineering principles dan keahlian dalam organizing and directing people dan projects. Seorang engineering manager punya kualifikasi dalam 2 tipe pekerjaan, yaitu: The management of technical functions (such as design or production) di semua organisasi, dan the management of broader functions (such as marketing or top management).

Contributing Team Member Highly Capable Individual THE LEVEL 5 HIERARCHY Executive Effective Leader Competent Manager Contributing Team Member Highly Capable Individual LEVEL 5 LEVEL 4 LEVEL 3 LEVEL 2 LEVEL 1

7 disiplin ilmu engineering management menurut EMC (Engineering Management Certification) 1. Market Research, Technology Updates, & Environmental Scanning 2. Planning & Adjusting Business Strategies 3. Developing Products, Services, & Processes 4. Engineering Operations & Change 5. Financial Resources & Procurement 6. Marketing & Sales 7. Leading Individuals & Engineering Project Teams

Kenapa Harus ada MRI? Meskipun prodi MRI ini baru muncul di Indonesia, di Amerika Prodi Engineering management sudah ada sejak era 1960-an yang diprakarsai oleh Univesity of Missouri Rolla. Sampai sekarang di Amerika sudah ada 297 kampus yang menyediakan program studi Engineering Management termasuk program master dan doktor.

Kenapa timbulnya ilmu engineering management? Ada 2 perubahan mendasar yang menuntut timbulnya ilmu engineering management. Perubahan pertama dilihat dari sisi Engineering dan perubahan kedua dilihat dari sisi Business. Dari sisi engineering ada beberapa perubahan di era sekarang dalam melihat ilmu dan peran para engineer. Dewasa ini seorang engineer, ketika memasuki dunia kerja sudah tidak lagi menjalankan perannya sebagai traditional engineer (cuma berkutat dibidang teknis, buat peralatan, ngulik mesin, dll), ......

tetapi menjadi project managers, technical sales people, and lead systems engineers yang melibatkan proses pendefinisian, perancangan, pengintegrasian, pemasaran, dan pengujian kompleks dan multi- fungsional sistem informasi teknologi-sentris (Abel, 2005). Paradigma para engineer sekarang bukan lagi semata- mata membuat sesuatu karena didorong oleh rasa penasaran, hobi, dll (seperti saat jaman Thomas Alpha Edison, Einstein dll) tetapi juga didorong karena alasan komersial.

Engineer ingin hasil karyanya mampu diserap pasar dan menjadi suatu bisnis baru (contoh: microsoft, Apple). Untuk meng-komersialkan suatu hasil teknologi, bukanlah hal yang mudah. Merubah suatu invention menjadi inovation, tidak cukup dengan melihat hal-hal teknis semata (able to produce), diperlukan ilmu management, business, Finance, dll. Agar menjadi able to be accepted by the market. Maka dari itulah muncul Ilmu Engineering Management yang mengakomodir tuntutan peran sebagai engineer di masa depan.

Dari segi bisnis. Dewasa ini perusahaan tidak hanya menjadikan tangible asset (seperti profit, gedung, tanah, dll) sebagai the one and only critical success factornya. Perusahaan dewasa ini juga menganggap Intangible Asset seperti knowledge, SDM yang handal sebagai sumber daya terpenting bagi perusahaan. R & D (Research and Development) sekarang sudah menjadi primary strength dari perusahaan. Perusahaan yang mampu menguasai teknologi dan mempunyai knowledge management yang baiklah yang akan menjadi market leader.

Lihat saja Microsoft, General Electrics, Apple, Toyota, apalagi perusahaan2 farmasi yang kegiatan usahanya sangat bergantung pada kegiatan riset dan inovasi. Disinilah perlu manager yang paham tentang dunia engineering. Karena dengan begitu sang manager bisa melihat peluang bisnis dari perkembangan teknologi yang akan datang.

Driven Factors for Economic Growth Demikian pula kemajuan suatu bangsa banyak ditentukan oleh sejauh mana teknologi berperan di masyarakat industrinya dan kualitas dari HRDnya. Y = f (L, K, TFP) Y = Ekonomi/Output L = Labor K = Kapital TFP = Total Factor Productivity

Perubahan di segi bisnis lainnya Perubahan umur suatu produk (life cycle of product: intruduction, growth, maturity, decline) yang makin pendek. Implikasi terhadap sistem produksi berubah dari sistem produksi massa (economic of scale) menjadi sistem produksi yang terbatas jumlahnya (economic of scope). Sebagai contoh era dari piringan hitam ke pita kaset kemudian ke walkman lebih lama dari era CD/DVD ke MP3 sampe akhirnya ke iPod.

Umur Teknologi Makin Pendek Karena itu perlu orang yang bisa memantau dan meramal perkembangan teknologi ke depan. Sehingga sewaktu teknologi sudah sampai ke tahapan mature tidak sempat mengalami tahapan decline, tetapi langsung lanjut berkembang lagi ke tahapan growth. Karena itu istilah pengembangan produk (product development) saat ini sedang ngetren, sebab perkembangan teknologi berpengaruh juga ke perkembangan produk.

Contoh-contoh: Toko musik Aquarius salah satu contoh perusahaan yang produknya tidak bisa bertahan akibat gempuran teknologi internet, Youtube. Contoh lain adalah PT POS, dimana core business-nya jasa kiriman surat, terus digempur sama teknologi yang namanya email, sms, mms, dll. Apakah sekarang PT POS mati? Tidak, dia sanggup melakukan diferensiasi produknya, seperti pengembangan bisnis cargo, filateli, pos pembagian BLT, tempat pembayaran listrik, air dan bahkan kredit motor. (Lesson learned: Adaptif)

The Future of Work: Thomas W. Malone, Harvard Business School Press Three basic Decision-Making Structures Used in Societies and Business Independent Centralized Decentralized Bands (15-50) Kingdom Democracies Small Businesses Corporate Hierarchies Networks The Pattern in Human Societies The Pattern in Business

Reforms & Technical Change in the Development context Growth (> 7% p.a.) External context (Bilateral, Regional & Multilateral forum) Reforms Investment  Industry Macro Policies Employment (5-6% by 2014) Regional Development Technical Change Social Policies Domestic condition (Behind the borders) Poverty (8-10% by 2011)

Reforms in some countries Country Period of Reforms Trigger to do Reforms Mexico 1990s Joining NAFTA Korea Late 1990s Financial Crises Indonesia 1983-late1980s Post Oil Boom 1998-2003 2003-2004 Under IMF Program Exit from the IMF Program Beyond 2004 Higher economic growth under global competition

Indonesia: Stepping up to Global Influence

Main Thrust ...

Natural Gas Coal Geothermal Palm Oil Cocoa Tin Nickel Bauxite Key Metrics About 165 TCF of reserves at production rate ± 3 TCF pa World second largest exporter Home of 40% of world’s resources (the largest in the world) World’s largest exporter; >19 mil tons per year At 770 thou tons/year, world’s 2nd largest producer At 65 thou tons/year, world’s 2nd largest producer Own ± 12% of world’s reserves (4th largest) World’s 7th largest reserves; world’s 4th largest production Abundant resources for gas- based energy and petrochemical industries Not including Non- Conventional Gases, from Coal Bed Methane and Coal Gassification About 40% is assumed feasible. Up to now, 1.200 MW has been developed. Will be at least partially processed domestically by 2013 (new mining law: 4/2009) This is the third driver, where in many international reports, is recoqnized as one of Indonesia’s competitiveness in future along with the increasing prices of natural resources. However, regarding this natural resources, we would like to do more ... We would like to be recognized as a global player in processing them into higher value added products. The raw material export products from minerals will be substantially going down with the introduction of law No. 4 of 2009 which basically impose that starting in 2014 every mineral must be at least partially processed domestically. That principle also applies to coal and many other agricultural products that nowadays are substantially exported in raw materials ... Rich Natural Resources most of them are still intact to be processed into higher VA products

ACTION PROGRAM (up to 2014) Grand Design Of MP3EI

Definition of 6 economic corridors

Development Themes in each EC

Main Economic Area of Focus

RUSSIA INTO THE GLOBAL ECONOMY THE MISSION OF SKOLKOVO INNOVATION CENTER: PROGRAM MODERNISASI DI RUSSIA SKOLKOVO IS TO BECOME AN INNOVATION HUB THAT WILL STIMULATE INNOVATIVE ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND DISSEMINATE ENTREPRENEURIAL CULTURE ACROSS THE COUNTRY TO INTEGRATE RUSSIA INTO THE GLOBAL ECONOMY FOSTERING CREATING GLOBALLY ADVANCEMENT OF ESTABLISHING GLOBAL HUMAN CAPITAL IN COMPETITIVE RUSSIA BY PRODUCTS AND ATTRACTING FOREIGN INNOVATIVE SERVICES BASED ON SPECIALISTS AND COMPANIES IN RUSSIA CUTTING-EDGE CREATING CONDITIONS RESEARCH FOR LOCAL INNOVATIVE TALENT DEVELOPMENT

STRATEGIC GOALS AND SUCCESS MEASURES OF SKOLKOVO BUILD SELF-SUSTAINING ECO-SYSTEM TO SUPPORT DEVELOPING LOCAL ADVANCED R&D ENABLE EFFICIENT ACCESS TO CAPITAL AND EXPERTISE; ATTRACT WORLD-CLASS BUSINESS ENSURE STRONG IP PROTECTION AND SCIENTIFIC TALENT ENTRY POINTS COMMERCIALI- RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT OPERATIONS ZATION BUILD EXIT POINTS GLOBAL HELP TO GENERATE LEADING BUSINESS, EXTERNAL REGULATORY AND MARKET DEMAND VENTURE SUPPORT ENVIRONMENT CREATE A HOME FOR INDEPENDENT STAKEHOLDERS: ACADEMIC, CORPORATIONS, RESEARCHERS, VENTURE FINANCE, ETC.

TECHNOLOGY (ENERGY, IT, BIOMEDICAL, CLUSTERS MAIN DIRECTIONS TECHNOLOGY (ENERGY, IT, CLUSTERS BIOMEDICAL, SPACE, NUCLEAR) WILL ENGAGE IN DEVELOPING NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND PRODUCTS Energy IT Biomedical Space Nuclear Space Nuclear Energy efficiency Biotechnology IT and technology in technology and energy saving and medical software telecommunica (assistance for incl. development technology incl. engineering tions and development of special of new energy technology medical drugs navigation companies in and equipment systems this area)

TIPS: BEKERJA DENGAN KARAKTER & KOMPETENSI CHARACTER INTEGRITY MATURITY SINCERE MENTALITY COMPETENCE TECHNICAL CONCEPTUAL INTERDEPENDENCE WISDOM JUDGEMENT

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