konstruksi musuh

awas, ada MUSUH! sebut satu orang atau kelompok yang pernah Anda musuhi sejak kapan Anda memusuhinya? (titik balik antara bukan musuh menjadi musuh) berapa lama Anda memusuhinya? kapan Anda berhenti memusuhinya? (titik balik antara musuh menjadi bukan musuh)

stress avoidance via cognitive consistency mengurangi jumlah informasi yang masuk guna menghindari kontradiksi pemahaman memungkinkan individu untuk menerima informasi yang kontradiktif tanpa menyadarinya ataupun membuatnya merasa terganggu

selective perception & psychologic stereotyping : simplifying cognitive categories referring to groups of people tunnel vision : concentrate upon a few specific aspects of the conflict environment separation : defending the ‘enemy image’ against contamination (not crediting other’s good actions, avoiding the communicator) bolstering : seeking evidence to support a position already taken to justify it to self & others polarisation : widening the gap, highlighting the differences among parties -> lessening the ability to emphatise, universalise one’s own frame of reference

selective recall repression : unconscious process by which nonconforming information which usually redounds to one’s own or one’s party’s discredit, or contradicts the simple, black & white cognitive structure is not remembered suppression : similar to repression, but occurs at the conscious level, and with the knowledge and intention of the individual concerned

group identification dehumanisation : identification : leads to related processes which allow a ‘good’ member to enhance his own group’s value rationalisation : retain one’s image of his group … unconscious process of explaining the behavior that is unacceptable by either assigning logical reasons or excusing it projection : projecting to others the characteristics & traits in oneself of which one feels most ashamed and wishes to deny -> self-fulfilling prophecy displacement : redirecting feelings of hostility on to some available 3 rd parties

self images images of an extended self : individuals identify not merely with a set of other similar individuals but with symbolic objects which come to represent the set, as much as the individuals in it virile & moral self images : tendencies to respond forcefully & aggressively to perceived threats … actions against adversaries are always interpreted as being principled & lacking in evil intent or ultimate effects intruder self images : alien intruder, alien agitator, traitors in our midst

adversary images black-top images : bad leaders, good citizens unified enemy image

interdependence of self/others images selective perception & interpretation : parties attach differing interpretations to actions or statements by themselves, their adversaries, or relevant 3 rd parties mirror images : mutually uncomplimentary images of one another, in which the details of one tend to be the reverse of the details in the image held by the enemy maintaining interdependent images : issue polarisation, different degrees of freedom of action

stop, in the name of love apa saja yang dapat dilakukan guna menghentikan proses konstruksi musuh?

housekeeping announcements pertemuan kelas kat ke-6 diselenggarakan pada jam pelaksanaan uts paper kelompok pengganti uts dikumpulkan pada pertemuan kelas kat ke-8 kuliah pengganti ditentukan kemudian, kemungkinan besar dengan menggabungkan pertemuan (drama kelas)