TRANSPOSITION AND MODULATION S H I F T TRANSPOSITION AND MODULATION

SHIFT (TRANSPOSITION & MODULATION) “Transposition is a translation procedure involving a change in the grammar from SL to TL” (Newmark, 1988: 85) “Modulasi melibatkan pergeseran makna karena terjadi perubahan perpektif dan sudut pandang” (Machali, 2000: 69)

SHIFT (TRANSPOSITION & MODULATION) A shift from singular into plural (plural into singular) bunga-bunga : flowers banyak rumah : many houses tiga mobil : three cars sepasang celana : a pair of trousers

SHIFT (TRANSPOSITION & MODULATION) SHIFT 2-A A structural change that involves word-position in phrase 1 - 2 - 3 3 - 2 - 1 rumah - bercat merah - yang besar big - red - house

SHIFT (TRANSPOSITION & MODULATION) long - dark - hair rambut - hitam pekat - yang panjang splendid ancient electric train kereta api listrik kuno yang sangat bagus (Machali, 2000)

SHIFT (TRANSPOSITION & MODULATION) phrase with adverb 1 – 2 – 3 3 – 1 - 2 highly - recommended - system sistem - yang sangat - direkomendasikan

SHIFT (TRANSPOSITION & MODULATION) Shift 2-B A structural change that involves word-position in sentence Isu tentang HAM sudah kami bahas semenjak lima tahun yang lalu. We have been discussing the issue of human rights since five years ago Buku ini harus kamu baca You must read the book

SHIFT (TRANSPOSITION & MODULATION) a change in part of speech noun + noun noun + noun adverb + verb verb + noun adj + noun verb + adj

SHIFT (TRANSPOSITION & MODULATION) mesin pembunuh killing machine bahan kimia chemical material partai politik political party ...is categorically prohibited. …dikategorikan terlarang.

SHIFT (TRANSPOSITION & MODULATION) in sentence …… for the pursuit of happiness. …untuk meraih/ mengejar kebahagiaan.

SHIFT (TRANSPOSITION & MODULATION) from explicit into implicit (implicit into explicit) Pria yang berdiri di sana itu adalah paman saya The man (who is) standing there is my uncle. implicit The man standing there is my uncle

SHIFT (TRANSPOSITION & MODULATION) from clause into particular type of phrase (phrase into clause) – (phrase with adjective verb) bayi yang menangis binatang yang berpikir crying baby thinking animal burung yang berkicau singing bird Jendral yang senantiasa tersenyum Smiling General

SHIFT (TRANSPOSITION & MODULATION) from word into phrase or clause (clause into word) cozy suasana nyaman, hangat, dan akrab incommunicado kondisi terputus komunikasi dengan dunia luar interchangeability kondisi bisa saling dipertukarkan

SHIFT (TRANSPOSITION & MODULATION) specific meaning general meaning padi : rice gabah : rice beras : rice nasi : rice kakak : brother, sister adik: : brother, sister

SHIFT OR TRANSPOSITIONNAD MODULATION paklek : paman : uncle pakde : paman : uncle assassinate : membunuh murder : membunuh kill : membunuh anggur : grape anggur : wine mendengar : listen mendengar : hear

SHIFT (TRANSPOSITION & MODULATION) coining a new term for a series of word train : berlatih training : pelatihan trainer : pelatih trainee : peserta pelatihan