Abdul Samik FKH-UA Desember 2013 BUDIDAYA KELINCI Abdul Samik FKH-UA Desember 2013

KEUNGGULAN KELINCI Kelinci Ayam Kambing Sapi Jml anak/th (ekor) 40 100 1.4 0,8 BB induk (kg) 4,5 3 70 500 Protein (gram) 20 16-20 - 19 Lemak (%) 6,8 13 36 32

Jenis-Jenis Kelinci Kesenangan (Hobi) Laboratorium Bulu Daging Budidaya, Kontes Laboratorium Bulu Angora Rex Daging Tipe besar

BERDASARKAN UKURANNYA : Kecil (0.9-2.7 kg) American Fuzzy Lop Britannia Petite Dutch Dwarf Hotot Florida white Havana Himalayan Holland Lop

9. Jersey wolly 10. Mini Lop 11. Mini Rex 12. Netherland Dwarf 13. Polish 14. Silver 15. Tan

Sedang (2.7-4.1kg) 1. American Sable 7. Lilac 2. Belgian Hare 8. Rex 3. English angora 9. Rhinelander 4. English Spot 10. Satin Angora 5. French angora 11. Silver Marten 6. Harlequin 12. Standard Chinchilla

Besar (4.1-5kg) 1. American 2. American Chinchilla 3. Beveren 4. Californian 5. Champagne d'Argent 6. Cinnamon 7. Creme d'Argent 8. English Lop 9. Giant Angora 10. Hotot 11. New Zealand 12. Palomino 13. Satin 14. Silver Fox

Raksasa (lebih dari 5kg) 1. Checkered Giant, 2. Flemish Giant (Patagonian), 3. French Lop 4. Giant Chinchilla

KEGUNAAN Daging protein tinggi cholesterol rendah lemak rendah

Penelitian produksi antibodi studi reproduksi penelitian penyakit manusia

Bulu - Normal - Rex - Angora - Satin Kesayangan

JENIS-JENIS KELINCI 45 Jenis 5 kelas utama mini kecil sedang besar giant

Kandang dan Perlengkapan Kandang cukup lebar untuk pergerakan kelinci Kandang terbuat dr kawat Lantai kandang terbuat dari kayu yg kuat

Perawatan Tahan thd suhu dingin Tdk tahan thd suhu panas Membutuhkan udara bebas bergerak Block drafts in cold weather

Jenis pakan : Hijauan : rumput lapangan, limbah sayuran, daun turi, daun lamtoro, dll. Hay (rumput kering) : rumput gajah, setaria, pucuk tebu, dll. Biji – bijian : jagung, sorgum, kacang hijau. Umbi – umbian : wortel,ubi jalar, singkong. Konsentrat : pellet (pakan buatan dari dari pabrik), bekatul, dll.

Pemberian pakan Sistem ad libitum : pemberian pakan selalu tersedia Sistem restriction : pemberian pakan yg disediakan scr terbatas Kebiasaan Kelinci Coprophage/caecotrophy : memakan kotoran sendiri. Fur eating habit : menggigit dan memakan bulunya sendiri/ kayu tmp sangkarnya.

Tujuan menyusun ransum kelinci memenuhi kebutuhan nutrisi ternak kelinci agar produksi optimal keuntungan optimal Syarat memahami kebutuhan zat-zat nutrisi kelinci (feeding standard) memahami komposisi kimia bahan mampu merangkum bahan

Pemilihan bahan : Jumlah pemberian konsentrat : - mudah didapat - murah harganya - tidak bersaing dengan keperluan manusia - terjamin ketersediaannya baik kualitasnya Jumlah pemberian konsentrat : - Pertumbuhan,penggemukan,pejantan : 50 gr. - induk bunting : 70 gr. - induk menyusui : 150 – 200 gr. - + rumput lapangan ad lib.

Jumlah pemberian konsentrat : - Pertumbuhan,penggemukan,pejantan : 50 gr. - induk bunting : 70 gr. - induk menyusui : 150 – 200 gr. - + rumput lapangan ad lib.

PAKAN Tempat pakan terbuat dr stainles Tempat minum bentuk ember atau botol Pakan komersial (pelet)

Jangan terlalu banyak makan selada hijau Jangan terlalu banyak memberi pakan sayur atau buah Coprophagy Coprophagy: eating feces

PAKAN KELINCI Rumput kering Jagung Gandum Tepung gandum wortel Apel Buncis Pisang Nanas

Handling Jangan dipegang telinganya Gunakan baju lengan panjang Pegang dg lembut Place one hand under chest/belly Other hand behind rabbit

ISTILAH Jantan: Buck Betina: Doe Muda: Bunny Anak: Kit Group: Herd

REPRODUKSI Pubertas: 5-8 bln Betina butuh sinar lampu slm 16 jam/hr untuk proses reproduksi Betina dibawa kekandang jantan pd saat kawin (tdk sebaliknya)

Kebuntingan: 30-32 hr Doe merontokkan bulu untuk membuat sarang Tinggalkan doe sendiri pd saat melahirkan Sapih: 4-8 mgg

PENYAKIT KELINCI

Enteritis Peradangan pd saluran usus Menyebabkan kematian pd kelinci Disebabkan oleh bakteri dan sanitasi yg tdk baik Gejala: tdk mau makan. Minum air terlalu banyak Kematian terjadi 4-7 hr stl infeksi Pengobatan dg antibiotik broad-spectrum

Snuffles Disebabkan oleh Pasteurella multocida Gejala: bersin dg keluar ingus Muncul pd hwn yg stres

Wry Neck Kepala melintir kesalah satu sisi Disebabkan oleh Pasteurella multocida Pengobatan: antibiotics

Kutu telinga Parasit eksternal Mengeleng-gelengkan kepala, mengaruk-garuk telinga Pengobatan: mineral oil untuk telinga atau obat tetes telinga

JENIS-JENIS KELINCI

American Chinchilla Great for Meat Very Popular Great Pets Docile nature Need to be protected from cold, drafts, wind, snow and rain.

American Sable American Sable is a rich sepia brown color with brown eyes. Weights Sr. Buck-8 pounds Weight Sr. Does - 9 pounds

American The American Blue Rabbit comes from Pasadena, Calif. Intended as a meat and fur rabbit Bucks weigh 9 pounds Does weigh 10 pounds

Californian Developed in the USA in 1920’s Rapid maturing Meat breed High Quality Fur Crossed between Himalayan and Chinchilla rabbit breeds. Weight 7-15 pounds

Champagne d’Argent Sr. Bucks weigh 10 pounds Sr. Does weigh 10-11 pounds. Adult color is bluish white body with black hairs with darker nose and muzzle, brown eyes

Cinnamon American breed of rabbits - developed in Montana. Commercial breeding rabbit weighing 8.5 - 11 pounds. Rich, russet dark brown color - deep cinnamon.

Dwarf Hotot Original home was Germany. Crossbred from Netherlands Dwarf and Dutch. Small and Compact, stocky, docile little rabbit Average weight-2.5 pounds

Dutch Black Dutch most common. Other colors include Blue, Chocolate, Gray, Steel, Tortoise. White shoulders are distinguishing mark Well rounded body Blaze on face-wedge shaped.

English Angora Average size 5.5 pounds. Colors: lilac, chocolate, white, fawn, chestnut, broken black, blue, Fur type rabbit.

French Angora Average Weight 7.5 to 8 pounds Good wool producers Dual Purpose, wood and meat. All toenails should be matched. Colors-variety of colors including white, solids, or brokens

Flemish Giant Colors: Black, blue, fawn, light gray, sandy, steel, gray, and white. Sr. Bucks weigh 13 pounds or over Sr. Does weigh 14 pounds or over.

French Lop Color Groups: Agouti, Broken, self, shaded, ticked, wide band. Classifications-broken pattern or solid pattern. Sr. bucks-10.5 pounds Sr. Does-11 pounds

Florida White Excellent Meat rabbit Pure white color Pink eyes Sr. Bucks & Does - 5 pounds Jr. Bucks & Does - up to 4.5 pounds.

American Fuzzy Lop Color Groups: Agouti, Broken, Pointed White, Self, Shaded, Wide Band. Classifications-Broken & Solid pattern Sr. Bucks - 3.5 lbs. Sr. Does - 3.75 lbs.

Giant Angora Fur Type Rabbit Colors: Ruby Eyed White Sr. Bucks - 9.5 lbs. Sr. Does - 10 lbs.

Giant Chinchilla Chinchilla color with brown eyes. Sr. Bucks - 12-15 pounds. Sr. Does - 13-16 pounds. Meat Type rabbit

Havana Colors: Black, Blue and Chocolate Sr. Bucks & Does - 5.25 - 5.5 pounds Jr. Bucks & Does- minimum 2.5 pounds.

Himalayan Small Size , gentle nature Ideal for children Colors: Black, Blue, chocolate, and lilac Sr. Bucks & Does - 3.5 pounds Jr. Bucks & Does- minimum 1.25 lbs.

Holland Lop Round head with flat face. Short lop ears. Many Color Groups Sr. Buck & Does up to 4 pounds. Jr. Bucks & Does up to 2 pounds

Harlequin Groups include: Japanese, Magpie Color varieties: Black, blue,chocolate, and lilac. Sr. Bucks - 7.5 lbs. Sr. Does - 8 lbs.

English Lop Very tolerant and affectionate animal Ears must measure 21” from tip to tip to be shown. Ears problems a key factor to health-scapes. Sr. Bucks & Does -9 to 10 lbs.

Mini Satin Color varieties: white with light ivory cast and pink eyes. Sr. Bucks & Does - 4 pounds.

Mini Lop Very gentle handling, docile breed Chubby faces, lopped ears, compact body. Solid and broken Sr. Bucks & Does - 6 pounds.

Mini Rex Small, compact type breed. Fur-plush and velvety. Colors-black, blue, castor, chocolate, lilac, lynx, opal, seal, tortoise, white, red sable, otter, sand, Weight - up to 4 lbs.

Netherlands Dwarf Small, compact rabbit, round head and body. They come in 29 color varieties. Sr. Bucks & Does up to 2 pounds.

New Zealand Meat Rabbits Color Varieties: Black, Red and White. Sr. Bucks - 10 lbs. Sr. Does - 11 lbs. Very hardy, popular meat breed.

Polish Originated In England and Germany. Small and Compact Colors: black, blue, broken, chocolate, blue-eyed white, ruby-eyed white. Sr. Buck & Doe - 2.5 lbs.

Palomino Color varieties: Golden, and lynx Sr. Buck - 9 pounds Sr. Doe - 10 pounds Meaty breed

Rex All purpose breed; excellent carcass and excellent FUR. No other fur compares Change colors with maturity. Many colors Sr. Buck - 8 lbs Sr. Doe - 9 lbs

Rhinelander Colors: White body with black and bright golden - orange spots, with brown eyes. Sr. Bucks - 8 lbs. Sr. Does - 8.5 lbs.

Satin Excellent breed to raise and show. Ex. meat breed Hair reflects light and gives it unique shine. Colors: black, blue, broken, chinchilla, chocolate, copper, otter, red, siamese Size - average 9-10 lbs.

Standard Chinchilla Color: Chinchilla wih any eye colcor but pink. BROWN eyes is preferred. Sr. Buck - 6 lbs. Sr. Doe - 6.5 lbs.

Silver Small Breed weighing about 4-7 lbs. Average is 5-6 pounds. Very athletic and active. Colors: black, brown, and fawn

English Spot

English Spot

English Lop

French Lop

Holland Lop

Mini Lop

DUTCH

New Zealand White

Florida White

CIRI-CIRI : Populer/disukai masyarakat Warna putih, mata merah Bersifat jinak Pertumbuhan cepat, tanpa lemak Pada umur 58 hr : 1,8 kg 50 ekor/th

Flemish Giant

Giant Chinchilla

Standard Chinchilla

KELINCI AMERIKA

  1. American

2. AMERICAN CHINCILLA

3.American Fuzzy Lop

4. American Sable

KELINCI ANGORA

1. English Angora

2. French Angora

3. Satin Angora

4. Giant Angora

CALIFORNIAN

CIRI-CIRI : Warna putih, kecuali telinga, ujung kaki dan hidung Bersifat produktif - Pertumbuhan cepat

KELINCI HITAM

Havana

Polish

Budidaya Kelinci Pedaging Pemilihan jenis kelinci Manajemen : Kandang Pakan Perkawinan kesehatan Pemasaran

Pemilihan Jenis Kelinci Kebutuhan daging Putih Pertulangan bagus Jumlah anak 8-10 anak Kesukaan pribadi

3 jenis kelinci pedaging terpopuler New Zealand (putih)

Californian

Florida White

Mengenal kelinci Manajemen Tingkah laku Normal Temp. 103.1 0 F Detak jantung 180-350 kali/menit Pernapasan 40-65 kali/menit

Kandang Sanitas Suhu Individu-kelompok Tipe : Panggung Slants Susun

Panggung/menggantung

Susun + Kipas pengatur suhu

Kartu catatan Peralatan sanitasi

Pakan Perlu air bersih dan segar Pellets Hay dan biji-bijian Makanan pd umumnya Hay tdk biasa Pakan untuk tipe pedaging Hay dan biji-bijian

Pakan untuk Ternak Pedaging Sapi Domba Babi Ayam Kelinci 6-8 lbs feed/lb gain 4 lbs feed/lb gain 2.5-3 lbs feed/lb gain 2 lbs feed/lb gain

Perkawinan Kartu catatan Ovulsi tergertak Kebuntingan = 31-33 hari Cara perkawinan Bawa betina ke jantan Diagnosis kebuntingan pd hr 10-16: palpasi Hari 28: boks sarang Hari 31-33: melahirkan

Pasca kelahiran Jumlah anak Ambil anak yg mati 15-21 hr stl lahir, boks sarang diambil Anak disapih umur 30 hr, induk kawin kembali Bunting 5 kali/th

Kesehatan Sanitasi Pasteurellosis multocida Parasit eksternal Kutu Caplak Pinjang Parasit internal Cacing

Kandungan Nutrisi DAGING PROTEIN LEMAK KALORI Kelinci 20.8 10.25 795 Ayam 20.0 11.0 810 Anak sapi 18.8 14.0 910 Kalkun 20.1 22.2 1190 Sapo 16.3 28.0 1440 Domba 15.7 27.7 1420 Babi 11.9 45.0 2050

MODAL AWAL 1 . Kandang & perlengkapanya Rp 450.000 – Rp 600.000 2 . Pembelian 5 ekor bibit indukan siap kawin @ Rp 300.000 = Rp 1.500.000 3 . Obat-obatan & vitamin Rp 50.000 Total modal awal = Rp 2.000.000

PENDAPATAN : KEUNTUNGAN : 1 . 4 induk betina x 6 anakan x 8 masa panen / 2 tahun = 192 ekor 192 ekor x Rp 62.500 ( bobot 2,5 kg ) = Rp 12.000.000 2 . 5 induk afkir x ( 4 kg x Rp 25.000 ) = Rp 500.000 Total pendapatan dari 1 paket indukan (1 jantan 4 betina ) selama 2 tahun adalah Rp 12.000.000 + Rp 500.000 = Rp 12.500.000 KEUNTUNGAN : Untung = Pendapatan – Modal awal = Rp 12.500.000 – Rp 2.000.000 = Rp 10.500.000

Keterangan : BIAYA OPERASIONAL 4 induk betina menghasilkan 6 ekor anak kelinci ( 4 – 12 ekor anak / kelahiran, standart 8 ekor sesuai jumlah puting induk kelinci ). Masa Panen dalam 2 tahun adalah 8 x , Masa kebuntingan kelinci 28-35 hari , masa sapih 45 hari. Masa pembesaran hingga minggu ke 17 setelah kelahiran. Harga kelinci hidup Rp 25.000 / kg ( berat minimal 2,5 kg ). BIAYA OPERASIONAL Kalau hanya memiliki induk 5 ekor, pakan sehari-hari cukup diberi rumput. Jika Anda di lingkungan kota/padat penduduk yang kesulitan mendapatkan pakan bisa menggunakan alternative pakan selain rumput antara lain konsentrat, pellet, ampas tahu maupun alternative pakan lainnya yang tentunya harganya ekonomis dan aman bagi kelinci.