The Matching Concept and the Adjusting Process Chapter 3 The Matching Concept and the Adjusting Process Accounting, 21st Edition Warren Reeve Fess © Task Force Image Gallery clip art included in this electronic presentation is used with the permission of NVTech Inc. PowerPoint Presentation by Douglas Cloud Professor Emeritus of Accounting Pepperdine University

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After studying this chapter, you should be able to: Objectives 1. Explain how the matching concept relates to the accrual basis of accounting. 2. Explain why adjustments are necessary and list the characteristics of adjusting entries. 3. Journalize entries for accounts requiring adjustment. 4. Summarize the adjustment process and prepare an adjusted trial balance. 5. Use vertical analysis to compare financial statement items with each other and with industry averages. After studying this chapter, you should be able to:

The Matching Concept Revenue Expenses

Melaporkan Pendapatan dan Beban DUA METODE Akuntansi Kas Basis Akuntansi Akrual basis

Dengan konsep kas basis pada periode akuntansi, pendapatan dan beban dilaporkan dalam laporan laba rugi dalam periode penerimaan atau pembayaran kas.

Dengan konsep akrual basis ada periode akuntansi, Pendapatan dilaporkan dalam laporan laba rugi dalam periode perolehannya.

Akuntansi Akrual Basis. Accounting Pendapatan dilaporkan ketika diperoleh. Beban dilaporkan ketika terjadi. Dipertandingkan secara memadai pendapatan dan beban untuk menetukan laba bersih. Dibutuhkan jurnal penyesuaian pada akhir periode.

The matching concept mendukung pelaporan pendapatan dan beban yang berhubungan . 2004 2005 Membayar $10,000 untuk iklan produk yang akan di kenalkan tahun 2005. Paid $10,000 for an advertising campaign for a product that will be introduced in 2003. Menjual produk yang diiklankan. $10,000 beban ditahun 2005 untuk menandingkan pendapatan. $10,000 Dicatat sebagai aset.

Neraca saldo belum disesuiakan NetSolutions Trial Balance December 31, 2005 Kas 2 065 00 piutang 2 220 00 Suplai 2 000 00 Pendapatan diterima dimuka 2 400 00 Tanah 20 000 00 Peralatan Kantor 1 800 00 Utang Dagang 900 00 Pendapatan Sewa Diterima Dimuka 360 00 Modal, Chris Clark 25 000 00 Prive, Chris Clark 4 000 00 Pendapatan Jasa 16 340 00 Beban gaji 4 275 00 Rent Expense 1 600 00 Beban Utilitas 985 00 Beban Suplai 800 00 Beban Lain-lain. 455 00 42 600 00 42 600 00 Neraca saldo belum disesuiakan

Assets NetSolutions Trial Balance December 31, 2005 Kas 2 065 00 piutang 2 220 00 Suplai 2 000 00 Pendapatan diterima dimuka 2 400 00 Tanah 20 000 00 Peralatan Kantor 1 800 00 Utang Dagang 900 00 Pendapatan Sewa Diterima Dimuka 360 00 Modal, Chris Clark 25 000 00 Prive, Chris Clark 4 000 00 Pendapatan Jasa 16 340 00 Beban gaji 4 275 00 Rent Expense 1 600 00 Beban Utilitas 985 00 Beban Suplai 800 00 Beban Lain-lain. 455 00 42 600 00 42 600 00 Assets

Liabilities NetSolutions Trial Balance December 31, 2005 Kas 2 065 00 piutang 2 220 00 Suplai 2 000 00 Pendapatan diterima dimuka 2 400 00 Tanah 20 000 00 Peralatan Kantor 1 800 00 Utang Dagang 900 00 Pendapatan Sewa Diterima Dimuka 360 00 Modal, Chris Clark 25 000 00 Prive, Chris Clark 4 000 00 Pendapatan Jasa 16 340 00 Beban gaji 4 275 00 Rent Expense 1 600 00 Beban Utilitas 985 00 Beban Suplai 800 00 Beban Lain-lain. 455 00 42 600 00 42 600 00 Liabilities

Owner’s Equity NetSolutions Trial Balance December 31, 2005 Kas 2 065 00 piutang 2 220 00 Suplai 2 000 00 Pendapatan diterima dimuka 2 400 00 Tanah 20 000 00 Peralatan Kantor 1 800 00 Utang Dagang 900 00 Pendapatan Sewa Diterima Dimuka 360 00 Modal, Chris Clark 25 000 00 Prive, Chris Clark 4 000 00 Pendapatan Jasa 16 340 00 Beban gaji 4 275 00 Rent Expense 1 600 00 Beban Utilitas 985 00 Beban Suplai 800 00 Beban Lain-lain. 455 00 42 600 00 42 600 00 Owner’s Equity

Revenue NetSolutions Trial Balance December 31, 2005 Kas 2 065 00 piutang 2 220 00 Suplai 2 000 00 Pendapatan diterima dimuka 2 400 00 Tanah 20 000 00 Peralatan Kantor 1 800 00 Utang Dagang 900 00 Pendapatan Sewa Diterima Dimuka 360 00 Modal, Chris Clark 25 000 00 Prive, Chris Clark 4 000 00 Pendapatan Jasa 16 340 00 Beban gaji 4 275 00 Rent Expense 1 600 00 Beban Utilitas 985 00 Beban Suplai 800 00 Beban Lain-lain. 455 00 42 600 00 42 600 00 Revenue

Expenses NetSolutions Trial Balance December 31, 2005 Cash 2 065 00 Accounts Receivable 2 220 00 Supplies 2 000 00 Prepaid Insurance 2 400 00 Land 20 000 00 Office Equipment 1 800 00 Accounts Payable 900 00 Unearned Rent 360 00 Chris Clark, Capital 25 000 00 Chris Clark, Drawing 4 000 00 Fees Earned 16 340 00 Wages Expense 4 275 00 Rent Expense 1 600 00 Utilities Expense 985 00 Supplies Expense 800 00 Miscellaneous Expense 455 00 42 600 00 42 600 00 Expenses

NetSolutions Chart of Accounts Neraca Laporan Laba Rugi. 1. Aktiva 11 Kas 12 piutangg. 14 Perlengkapan. 15 Asuransi dibayar dimuka. 17 Tanah 18 Peralatan Kantor. 19 Akumulasi Depresiasi. Accumulated Depreciation 2. Utang 21 Utang Dagang 22 Utang Gaji 23 Pendapatan Sewa diterima dimuka 3. Modal 31 Modal, Chris Clark. 32 Prive, Chris Clark,. 4. Pendapatan 41 Pendapatan Jasa 42 Pendapatan Sewa 5. Beban 51 Beban gaji 52 Beban Sewa 53 Beban Depresiasi 54 Beban Utiilitas 55 Beban Perlengkapan 56 Beban Asuransi 59 Beban Lain-lain.

Beban Ditunda (Beban dibayar dimuka)

NetSolutions Trial Balance December 31, 2005 Kas 2 065 00 piutangg 2 220 00 Suplai 2 000 00 Pendapatan diterima dimuka 2 400 00 Tanah 20 000 00 Peralatan Kantor 1 800 00 Utang Dagang 900 00 Pendapatan Sewa Diterima Dimuka 360 00 Modal, Chris Clark 25 000 00 Prive, Chris Clark 4 000 00 Pendapatan Jasa 16 340 00 Beban gaji 4 275 00 Rent Expense 1 600 00 Beban Utilitas 985 00 Beban Suplai 800 00 Beban Lain-lain. 455 00 42 600 00 42 600 00 Sebagian suplai telah digunakan. Pada 31 December, Perhitungan menunjukan bahwa $760 suplai masih ditangan.

Suplai (saldo pada neraca saldo) $2,000 Suplai ditangan, 31 December – 760 Suplai digunakan $1,240 1 2 3 4 Dec. 31 2005 Beban suplai 1 240 00 55 Suplai 1 240 00 14 Suplai Beban Suplai 14 55 Bal. 2,000 Dec. 31 1,240 Bal. 800 760 Dec. 31 1,240 2,040

NetSolutions Trial Balance December 31, 2005 Kas 2 065 00 piutang 2 220 00 Suplai 2 000 00 Pendapatan diterima dimuka 2 400 00 Tanah 20 000 00 Peralatan Kantor 1 800 00 Utang Dagang 900 00 Pendapatan Sewa Diterima Dimuka 360 00 Modal, Chris Clark 25 000 00 Prive, Chris Clark 4 000 00 Pendapatan Jasa 16 340 00 Beban gaji 4 275 00 Rent Expense 1 600 00 Beban Utilitas 985 00 Beban Suplai 800 00 Beban Lain-lain. 455 00 42 600 00 42 600 00 Pembayaran dimuka untuk 24 bulan asuransi tidak menunjukan bahwa asuransi pada bulan Desember telah kadaluarsa..

Asuransi dibayar dimuka 4 5 6 7 31 Beban Asuransi 100 00 56 Asuransi dibayar dimuka 100 00 15 Asuransi dibayar dimuka Beban Asuransi 15 56 Bal. 2,400 Dec. 31 100 Dec. 31 100 2,300 Note: You probably have the idea of how posting flows, so the rest of the slides will omit the arrows.

Effect of Omitting Adjustment

Pendapatan ditunda. (Pendapatan Diterima Dimuka)

NetSolutions Trial Balance December 31, 2005 Kas 2 065 00 piutang 2 220 00 Suplai 2 000 00 Pendapatan diterima dimuka 2 400 00 Tanah 20 000 00 Peralatan Kantor 1 800 00 Utang Dagang 900 00 Pendapatan Sewa Diterima Dimuka 360 00 Modal, Chris Clark 25 000 00 Prive, Chris Clark 4 000 00 Pendapatan Jasa 16 340 00 Beban gaji 4 275 00 Rent Expense 1 600 00 Beban Utilitas 985 00 Beban Suplai 800 00 Beban Lain-lain. 455 00 42 600 00 42 600 00 Sewa tiga bulan $360, diterima pada 1December. Pada 31 December, hanya $120 yang diperoleh.

Pendapatan Sewa Diterima Dimuka 7 8 9 10 31 Pendapatan Sewa Diterima Dimuka 120 00 23 Pendapatan Sewa 120 00 42 Pendapatan Sewa Diterima Dimuka Pendapatan Sewa 23 42 Dec. 31 120 Bal. 360 Dec. 31 120 240

Effect of Omitting Adjustment

Pengakuan Beban (pengakuan Utang)

NetSolutions Trial Balance December 31, 2005 25 Kas 2 065 00 piutang 2 220 00 Suplai 2 000 00 Pendapatan diterima dimuka 2 400 00 Tanah 20 000 00 Peralatan Kantor 1 800 00 Utang Dagang 900 00 Pendapatan Sewa Diterima Dimuka 360 00 Modal, Chris Clark 25 000 00 Prive, Chris Clark 4 000 00 Pendapatan Jasa 16 340 00 Beban gaji 4 275 00 Rent Expense 1 600 00 Beban Utilitas 985 00 Beban Suplai 800 00 Beban Lain-lain. 455 00 42 600 00 42 600 00 Pada akhir Desember, beban diakui $250. Sebelumnya, Beban gaji understated dan tidak ada utang untuk gaji ini.

Wages Payable Wages Expense 10 11 12 13 31 Wages Expense 250 00 51 Utang gaji 250 00 22 Wages Payable Bal. 4,275 Wages Expense 22 51 Dec. 31 250 Dec. 31 250

Effect of Omitting Adjustment

Pengakuan Pendapatan(Pengakuan Aktiva)

NetSolutions Trial Balance December 31, 2005 29 Kas 2 065 00 piutang 2 220 00 Suplai 2 000 00 Pendapatan diterima dimuka 2 400 00 Tanah 20 000 00 Peralatan Kantor 1 800 00 Utang Dagang 900 00 Pendapatan Sewa Diterima Dimuka 360 00 Modal, Chris Clark 25 000 00 Prive, Chris Clark 4 000 00 Pendapatan Jasa 16 340 00 Beban gaji 4 275 00 Rent Expense 1 600 00 Beban Utilitas 985 00 Beban Suplai 800 00 Beban Lain-lain. 455 00 42 600 00 42 600 00 NetSolutions memberikan $500 jasa Desember kepada konsumen yang belum dilakukan penagihan.

piutangg Pendapatan Jasa Bal. 2,220 Bal. 16,340 Dec. 31 500 13 14 15 16 31 piutangg 500 00 12 Pendapatan Jasa 500 00 41 piutangg Pendapatan Jasa 12 41 Bal. 2,220 Bal. 16,340 Dec. 31 500 Dec. 31 500 2,720 16,840

Effect of Omitting Adjustment

Aktiva Tetap

Tanah Tanah tidak memiliki batasan masa manfaat, sehingga tanah tidak perlu didepresiasi.

Bangunan Bangunan memiliki masa manfaat yang terbatas, sehingga harus didepresiasi. Akun kontra digunakan untuk penyesuaian adalah akun akumulasi depresiasi-Bangunan

Peralatan Peralatan memiliki masa manfaat yang terbatas, sehingga harus didepresiasi, dengan akun kontra Akumulasi Depresiasi-Peralatan.

Akumulasi Depresiasi-Peralatan NetSolutions mengestimasi depresiasi pada peralatan kantornya. $50 untuk Desember. 16 17 18 19 Beban Depresiasi 50 00 31 53 Akumulasi Depresiasi-peralatan 50 00 19 Akumulasi Depresiasi-Peralatan Beban Depresiasi 19 53 Dec. 31 50 Dec. 31 50

Neraca NetSolutions Menunjukan peralatan kantor pada harga perolehan dikurangi akumulasi depresiasi. $1,750 Book value

Effect of Omitting Adjustment

Summary of Basic Adjustments

Neraca Saldo NetSolutions’ telah disesuaikan 31 December 2005

Adjusted Trial Balance NetSolutions Adjusted Trial Balance December 31, 2005 41 Kas 2 065 00 piutang 2 220 00 Suplai 2 000 00 Pendapatan diterima dimuka 2 400 00 Tanah 20 000 00 Peralatan Kantor 1 800 00 Akumulasi Depresiasi 50 00 Utang Dagang 900 00 Utang Gaji 250 00 Pendapatan Sewa Diterima Dimuka 240 00 Modal, Chris Clark. 25 000 00 Prive, Chris Clark 4 000 00 Pendapatan Jasa 16 840 00 Pendapatan Sewa 120 00 Beban Gaji 4 525 00 Beban Sewa 1 600 00 Beban Utilitas 985 00 Continued

NetSolutions Trial Balance December 31, 2005 (Continued) 42 Beban Suplai 2 040 00 Beban Asuransi 100 00 Beban Lain-Lain 455 00 43 400 00 43 400 00

Vertical Analysis and Interpretation

Amount Percent Amount Percent Fees earned $187,500 $150,000 J. Holmes, Attorney-at-Law Income Statements For the Years Ended December 31, 2005 and 2006 2006 2005 Amount Percent Amount Percent Fees earned $187,500 $150,000 Operating expenses: Wages expense $60,000 $45,000 Rent expense 15,000 12,000 Utilities expense 12,500 9,000 Supplies expense 2,700 3,000 Miscellaneous exp. 2,300 1,800 Total operating expenses $92,500 $70,800 Net income $95,000 $79,200

2006 2005 Amount Percent Amount Percent Fees earned $187,500 100.0% $150,000 100.0% Operating expenses: Wages expense $60,000 $45,000 Rent expense 15,000 12,000 Utilities expense 12,500 9,000 Supplies expense 2,700 3,000 Miscellaneous exp. 2,300 1,800 Total operating expenses $92,500 $70,800 Net income $95,000 $79,200

2006 2005 Amount Percent Amount Percent Fees earned $187,500 100.0% $150,000 100.0% Operating expenses: Wages expense $60,000 $45,000 Rent expense 15,000 12,000 Utilities expense 12,500 9,000 Supplies expense 2,700 3,000 Miscellaneous exp. 2,300 1,800 Total operating expenses $92,500 $70,800 Net income $95,000 $79,200 $60,000 $187,500 $15,000 $187,500 32.0% 38.0%

2006 2005 Amount Percent Amount Percent 6.7% 1.4% 1.2% 49.3% 50.7% Fees earned $187,500 100.0% $150,000 100.0% Operating expenses: Wages expense $60,000 $45,000 30.0% Rent expense 15,000 12,000 8.0% Utilities expense 12,500 9,000 6.0% Supplies expense 2,700 3,000 2.0% Miscellaneous exp. 2,300 1,800 1.2% Total operating expenses $92,500 $70,800 47.2% Net income $95,000 $79,200 52.8% 32.0% 8.0%

Chapter 3 The End