PEMERIKSAAN RISIKO DAN KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN
Tujuan Mendeterminasi hubungan antara kesehatan manusia dengan lingkungan (mis., pengaruh dan tingkat kematian)
Mendeterminasi hubungan antara kesehatan manusia dengan lingkungan Kesehatan – fisik, mental, penyakit kesejahteraan sosial – gangguan fungsi tubuh (diet, nutrisi, stress, agen infeksi, toksin, ‘kehidupan’ pilihan )
Environmental Health Risks
‘Two Worlds’ – causes of MORTALITY
Exposure to Environmental Hazards Cultural Biological Chemical (toxins?)
Cultural Hazards Consequence of choice (e.g., risky behaviors)
Cultural Hazards Consequences of choice To what cultural hazards do college students commonly subject themselves?
U.S. Mortality - Cultural Hazards U. S data 50% of mortality
Cultural Hazards vs. Biological Hazards Mortality by affluence. 2001
Chemical Hazards Products of industrialization and mechanized agriculture e.g., pesticides, paints, fuels, medicines, cleaning agents
Toxcicity = Disruption of metabolic function Acute Chronic Allergenic Endocrine disruption Neurotoxic Mutagens Teratogens Carcinogens
Chemical Hazards Toxcicity avenue of exposure dose (amount absorbed by affected tissue or organ)
Chemical Hazards Toxicicity expresses as ACUTE effects – symptoms/damage readily discernable
Human Health Impacts Acute effects 67K acute cases/yr US; 220K globally
Human Health Impacts Acute effects 67K acute cases/yr US; 220K globally Bhopal, India (1984) 600K exposed to hydrogen cyanide gas 5K deaths (60K chronic problems)