Conditional sentence Agung P. Wibowo, S.S., M.Hum.

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Conditional sentence Agung P. Wibowo, S.S., M.Hum.

Conditional sentence adalahcomplex sentence (kalimat majemuk) yang dibentuk dari subordinate clause yang diawali dengansubordinate conjunction if berupacondition (syarat) dan main clause berupa result/consequence(hasil). Ada 4 tipe conditional sentence yang biasa digunakan, yaitu: tipe 1, tipe 2, tipe 3, dan tipe 0. Condition pada conditional sentence tipe 1 mungkin dipenuhi, tipe 2 tidak atau hampir tidak mungkin dipenuhi, tipe 3 tidak mungkin dipenuhi (unreal), sedangkan tipe 0 selalu terwujud karena merupakan scientific fact/kebenaran ilmiah.

Type of conditional sentence

First Conditional (type 1)

if + condition, result/consequence result/consequence + if + condition Conditional sentence yang digunakan ketika result/consequence (hasil) dari condition (syarat) memiliki kemungkinan untuk terwujud di masa depan karena condition-nya realistik untuk dipenuhi. Atau if + condition, result/consequence if + simple present, (will + bare infinitive)/imperative result/consequence + if + condition (will + bare infinitive)/imperative + if + simple present

Contoh Kalimat conditional Sentence type 1 (+) If I have free time, I will go swimming. (Jika saya punya waktu luang, saya akan pergi berenang.) If the bell rings, I’ll go home. (Jika bel berbunyi, saya akan pulang ke rumah.) If you meet Andy, ask him to call me. [Imperative] (Jika kamu bertemu Andy, minta dia menghubungi saya.) (-) If you don’t finish your homework, your teacher will be angry. (Jika kamu tidak menyelesaikan pekerjaan rumahmu, gurumu akan marah.) If he doesn’t come, I won’t be angry. / Unless he comes, I won’t be angry. (Jika kamu tidak datang, saya tidak akan marah.) If he comes, I won’t be angry. (Jika dia datang, saya tidak akan marah.) (?) If they invite you, will you come? (Jika mereka mengundangmu, akankah kamu datang?)

Second Conditional (type 2)

if + condition, result/consequence result/consequence + if + condition Conditional sentence type 2 atausecond conditional adalah conditional sentence yang digunakan ketika result/consequence (hasil) daricondition (syarat) tidak memiliki atau hanya sedikit kemungkinan untuk terwujud karena condition-nya tidak mungkin dipenuhi dimasa sekarang (present unreal situation) ataucondition-nya sulit untuk dipenuhi di masa depan (unlikely to happen). Atau if + condition, result/consequence if + simple past, would/could/might + bare infinitive result/consequence + if + condition would/could/might + bare infinitive + if + simple past

Contoh Kalimat Conditional Sentence type 2 Fact (+) If it rained, I would sleep all day. (Jika hujan, saya akan tidur sepanjang hari.) but I don’t have much hope it will rain (tapi saya tidak punya cukup keyakinan bahwa akan hujan) If Nisa studied hard, she would pass. (Jika Nisa belajar keras, dia akan lulus.) but Nisa doesn’t study hard (tapi Nisa tidak belajar keras.) If I had much money, I would buy a sport car. (Jika saya punya banyak uang, saya akan membeli sebuah mobilsport.) but I don’t have much money (tapi saya tidak punya banyak uang) If I were a millionaire, I would donate my money to charity. (Jika saya seorang millionaire, saya akan mendonasikan uang saya untuk amal.) but I’m not a millionaire (tapi saya bukan seorang milioner) (-) If Nisa studied hard, she wouldn’t fail. (Jika Nisa belajar keras, dia tidak akan gagal.) If Nisa didn’t study hard, she would fail. atau Unless Nisa studied hard, she would fail. (Jika Nisa tidak belajar keras, dia akan gagal.) If I were a millionaire, I wouldn’t donate my money to charity. (?) If Nisa studied hard, would she pass? If you had much money, would you buy a sport car? If you were a millionaire, would you donate my money to charity?

Third Conditional (type 3)

if + condition, result/consequence result/consequence + if + condition Conditional sentence type 3 atau third conditional adalah conditional sentence yang digunakan ketika result/consequence (hasil) dari condition (syarat) tidak ada kemungkinan terwujud karenacondition-nya harus sudah dipenuhi di masa lalu. Atau if + condition, result/consequence if + past perfect, would/should/could/might have + past participle result/consequence + if + condition would/should/could/might have + past participle + if + past perfect

Contoh Kalimat Conditional Sentence type 3 Fact (+) If you had remembered to invite me, I would have attended your party. (Jika kamu ingat mengundang saya, saya akan hadir di pestamu.) but you didn’t remember (tapi kamu tidak ingat) If I had given the interviewer really good answers, I might have got a higher position than you. (Jika saya memberi jawaban yang benar-benar bagus ke pewawancara, saya mungkin memdapatkan posisi yang lebih tinggi dari kamu.) but I didn’t give really good answers (tapi saya tidak memberikan jawaban yang benar-benar bagus) (-) If the waitress had been careful, she wouldn’t have broken many plates. (Jika pelayan tersebut hati-hati, dia tidak akan memecahkan banyak piring.) but the waitress wasn’t careful (tapi pelayan tersebut tidak hati-hati) (?) If he had asked you for forgiveness, would you have forgiven him? (Jika dia meminta maaf kepadamu, akankah kamu memaafkannya?) but he didn’t ask you for forgiveness (tapi dia tidak meminta maaf)

Zero Conditional (type 0)

Zero conditional atau conditional sentence type 0 adalah conditional sentence yang digunakan ketika result/consequence (hasil) daricondition (syarat) selalu terwujud karena merupakan scientific fact(kebenaran ilmiah) atau general truth(kebenaran umum) yang merupakan habitual activity (kebiasaan). Bagian dependent clause (if+clause) dapat diawali oleh kata “if” atau “when“. atau if/when + condition, result/consequence if/when + simple present, simple present result/consequence + if/when + condition simple present + if/when + simple present

Contoh Kalimat Zero Conditional (+) If I sleep late, I am sleepy at work. [habitual activity] (Jika saya tidur terlambat, saya mengantuk di tempat kerja.) If you dry fruits or vegetables, they lose their nutrient and calorie. (Jika kamu mengeringkan buah atau sayuran, mereka kehilangan nutrisi dan kalori.) (-) If one doesn’t drink after doing exercise, one gets dehydrated. (Jika orang tidak minum setelah berlatih, orang bakal dehidrasi.) (?) If we burn paper, does it become ash? (Jika kita membakar kertas, itu menjadi debu?)