Ordo Homoptera, Hemiptera, Odonata, Lepidoptera Insecta Ordo Homoptera, Hemiptera, Odonata, Lepidoptera

Hemiptera Ordo ini memiliki anggota yang sangat besar serta sebagian besar anggotanya bertindak sebagai pemakan tumbuhan (baik nimfa maupun imago). Namun beberapa di antaranya ada yang bersifat predator yang mingisap cairan tubuh serangga lain. Umumnya memiliki sayap dua pasang (beberapa spesies ada yang tidak bersayap).

Sayap depan menebal pada bagian pangkal (basal) dan pada bagian ujung membranus. Bentuk sayap tersebut disebut Hemelytra. Sayap belakang membranus dan sedikit lebih pendek daripada sayap depan. Pada bagian kepala dijumpai adanya sepasang antene, mata facet dan occeli.

Tipe alat mulut pencucuk pengisap yang terdiri atas moncong (rostum) dan dilengkapi dengan alat pencucuk dan pengisap berupa stylet. Pada ordo Hemiptera, rostum tersebut muncul pada bagian anterior kepala (bagian ujung). Rostum tersebut beruas-ruas memanjang yang membungkus stylet. Pada alat mulut ini terbentuk dua saluran, yakni saluran makanan dan saluran ludah.

Hemiptera (s.o. Heteroptera) (true bugs; 23K spp.) [front wings half leathery & half membranous; hind wings membranous; usually long antennae; sucking mouthparts arise from front of head]

Hemiptera (s.o. Auchenorrhyncha) (buglike insects: cicadas, leaf, plant & tree hoppers; 33K spp.) [front wings same texture throughout, leathery or membranous (wings often absent); long or bristlelike antennae; sucking mouthparts arise from back of head or between front legs]

Hemiptera: Heteroptera: True Bugs

Hydrometridae: Water Measurers

Gerridae: Water Striders Halobates, only true marine insect

Veliidae: Broad-shouldered Water Striders

Notonectidae: Back Swimmers

Naucoridae: Creeping Water Bugs

Nepidae: Water Scorpions

Nepidae continued

Belostomatidae: Giant Water Bugs

Corixidae: Water Boatmen

(dragonflies and damselflies) Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) [front and hind wings narrow with many cross veins, membranous; aquatic nymphs (naiads) predatory with caudal or rectal gills; antennae bristlelike, no abdominal cerci; chewing mouthparts]

‘Odonto’ refers to strong teeth on mandibles of adults Aquatic larva -> terrestrial (aerial) adult Highly predaceous larva or adult Usually considered beneficial for the large number of flying insects the adults eat ~11 families and 407 species in NA Hemimetabolous: egg -> nymph (naiad) -> adult Some species are migratory Adults often mate guard by flying in tandem after copulating “Devil’s Darning Needle”; mosquito hawk

Suborders Anisoptera and Zygoptera Dragonflies Damselflies

Adults

Larvae

Dragonfly Larvae Family Differences Aeshnidae Gomphidae Cordulugasteridae

Emergence: a dangerous time Teneral Stage

Odonata - General Features Mating Courtship Oviposition Copulation

Odonata - Adult modifications Modifications for a predatory life Well-developed mandibles Large eyes

Odonata - Adult modifications Modifications for a predatory life -orientation of thoracic segments -changed orientation of legs -spines on legs

(butterflies, moths, caterpillars) Lepidoptera (butterflies, moths, caterpillars) [front and hind wings generally covered with scales; adult mouthparts a sucking tube, larvae have chewing mouthparts and prolegs on abdomen] Cranberry girdler moth Luna moth Red admiral butterfly

(butterflies, moths, caterpillars) Lepidoptera (butterflies, moths, caterpillars) Fiery skipper butterfly – adult, egg, larva & pupa in cocoon

Lepidoptera - Distinguishing Characteristics Scales on the wings

Lepidoptera - Distinguishing Characteristics Coiled proboscis

Lepidoptera - Some common families Butterflies - Nymphalidae (fritillaries)

Lepidoptera - Some common families Butterflies - Danaidae (milkweed butterflies)

Lepidoptera - Some common families Butterflies - Pieridae (cabbage butterflies)

Lepidoptera - Some common families Butterflies - Papillionidae (swallowtails)

Lepidoptera - Some common families Butterflies - Lycaenidae (blues, hairstreaks)

Lepidoptera - Some common families Moths - Tineidae (clothes moths)

Lepidoptera - Some common families Moths - Saturniidae (giant silk moths)

Lepidoptera - Some common families Moths - Arctiidae (tiger moths)

Lepidoptera - Some common families Moths - Sphingidae (hawk moths)

Lepidoptera - Some common families Moths - Noctuidae (loopers)

Ordo Homoptera Anggota ordo Homoptera memiliki morfologi yang mirip dengan ordo Hemiptera. Perbedaan pokok antara keduanya antara lain terletak pada morfologi sayap depan dan tempat pemunculan rostumnya. Sayap depan anggota ordo Homoptera memiliki tekstur yang homogen, bisa keras semua atau membranus semua, sedang sayap belakang bersifat membranus. Alat mulut juga bertipe pencucuk pengisap dan rostumnya muncul dari bagian posterior kepala. Alat-alat tambahan baik pada kepala maupun thorax umumnya sama dengan anggota Hemiptera.

Wereng coklat (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.) Kutu loncat lamtoro (Heteropsylla sp.).