Active and Passive Voice

Kompetensi Dasar Menentukan fungsi sosial passive voice Mengidentifikasi struktur teks passive voice Mengidentifikasi unsur kebahasaan passive voice Mengidentifikasi ciri- ciri passive voice Mengidentifikasi kata kerja (verb) dalam passive voice Menyusun kalimat active voice secara lisan dan tulis Menyusun kalimat passive voice secara lisan dan tulis.

Verbs and Voice  Voice is the form a verb takes to indicate whether the subject of the verb performs or receives the action.  There are two types of voice: active voice and passive voice.

Active Voice  Active Voice – indicates that the subject of the verb is acting  Because the subject does or "acts upon" the verb in such sentences, the sentences are said to be in the active voice.

Active Voice  This example shows that the subject is doing the verb's action. My grandfather planted this tree.

Passive Voice This example shows the subject being acted upon by the verb.  This tree was planted by my grandfather

The Passive is used: 1. when the agent (=the person who does the action) is unknown, unimportant or obvious from the context.  Jane was shot. (We don’t know who shot her.)  This church was built in (Unimportant agent)  He has been arrested. (Obviously by the police) 2. to make more polite or formal statements.  The car hasn’t been cleaned. (more polite) (You haven’t cleaned the car. – less polite)  when the action is more important than the agent, as in processes, instructions, events, reports, headlines, new items, and advertisements.  30 people were killed in the earthquake. 3. to put emphasis on the agent.  The new library will be opened by the Queen.

Form of Passive Voice Verbs  Often passive voice sentences will contain a "by" phrase indicating who or what performed the action.  Passive sentences can be easily transformed into active sentences when the object of the preposition "by" is moved to the subject position in the sentence.

ACTIVE TO PASSIVE  To change a sentence from the active voice to the passive voice: a. the object of the active voice sentence becomes the subject of the passive voice sentence.  Agatha Christie wrote this book.  This book was written by Agatha Christie. b. we change the main verb of the active voice sentence into the passive voice. The tense remains unchanged. c. the subject of the active voice sentence becomes the agent of the passive sentence. It is placed after the past participle and it is preceded by the preposition by.

SUBJECT OBJECT I ←→←→ me You ←→←→ you He ←→←→ him She ←→←→ herher It ←→←→ it SUBJECT OBJECT We ←→←→ us You ←→←→ you They ←→←→ themthem If the indirect object of the active voice sentence is a personal pronoun it has to be changed into a subject pronoun to be the subject of the passive voice sentence.

Form of Active and Passive Voice Verbs ACTIVE VOICEPASSIVE VOICE Present SimpleHe delivers the letters.The letters are delivered. Past Simple He delivered the letters.The letters were delivered. Future Simple He will deliver the letters.The letters will be delivered. Present Continuous He is delivering the letters.The letters are being delivered. Past Continuous He was delivering the letters.The letters were being delivered. Going to He is going to deliver the letters.The letters are going to be delivered. Present Perfect He has delivered the letters.The letters have been delivered. Past Perfect He had delivered the letters.The letters had been delivered. Infinitive He has to deliver the letters.The letters have to be delivered. Modals He must deliver the letters.The letters must be delivered.

Let’s Practice  Directions: Change the sentences below to the active voice. 1. The statue is being visited by hundreds of tourists every year. 2. My books were stolen by someone yesterday. 3. These books had been left in the classroom by a careless student. 4. Coffee is raised in many parts of Hawaii by plantation workers. 5. The house had been broken into by someone while the owners were on vacation.

Let’s Practice  Directions: Change the sentences below to the passive voice. 1. Children cannot open these bottles easily. 2. Someone bought flowers for the bride. 3. Mr. Ross broke the antique vase as he walked through the store. 4. John gave Elizabeth that beautiful ring 5. They pay her an excellent salary

Active or Passive a. John gave Elizabeth that beautiful ring. b. King Lear was written by Shakespeare c. Her students have sent her flowers. d. He must give the message to the right person. e. Oysters are sold by the fisherman in the market f. We teach our students English and French. g. The artists were paid $200 by the governor for their painting h. Someone bought flowers for the bride. i. They showed the tourists the sights of Athens.