VITAMIN & PROVITAMIN AS ANTIOXIDANTS MERYNDA INDRIYANI SYAFUTRI PS THP JUR TPN FP UNSRI INDRALAYA 2011 FUNCTIONAL FOODS

ANTIOKSIDAN SEKUNDER Senyawa yg berfungsi menangkap radikal bebas serta mencegah terjadinya reaksi berantai sehingga tidak terjadi kerusakan yg lebih besar. Contoh antioksidan sekunder Vitamin E, Vitamin C, dan beta-karoten

VITAMIN E Potent inhibitors of lipid peroxdation. Effective antioxidant α-tocopherol Tocopherol Donates the hydrogen atom from the hydroxyl group (OH) on the ring structure to free radicals Free radicals become unreactive

VITAMIN E … Free radicals OH * H from ALTJG (ALTJG:H) ALTJG * radicals & Peroxyl radicals ALTJG:OOH * O2O2 Hidroksyperoxide ALTJG:OOH and ALTJG* ALTJG:H VITAMIN E Donates H atom VITAMIN E RADICALS Increasing stability

VITAMIN E … Prevent heart and artery diseases. Inhibit LDL cholesterol oxidation. Anti carcinogenic : Increase imun system and inhibit cancer, etc.

VITAMIN E … Sources of Vitamin E : Vegetables oils (margarines, butter,...) Nuts Cereals Fruits Vegetables Eggs, etc.

VITAMIN C Water soluble antioxidants Efficiently scavenges O 2 -, OH, peroxyl radicals. Be involved in the regeneration of vitamin E.

VITAMIN C … Protect biomembrans and LDL from peroxidative damage By efficiently trapping peroxyl radicals in aqueous phase of plasma or cytosol

VITAMIN C … Dua sifat Vit C sbg antioksidan Memiliki potensial reduksi yg rendah, dimn askorbat & radikal askorbil mampu bereaksi dgn radikal biologis & mereduksi oksidan-oksidan Stabilitas & reaktivitas yg rendah dr radikal askorbil

VITAMIN C … Plasma vitamin C concentration : decrease triglyceride level and increase HDL level prevent CHD As Coantioxidants regeneration of vitamin E (α- tocopherol) from radical form.

VITAMIN C … Vitamin C can prevent cancer : 1. Inhibition DNA oxidation 2. Increase imun system to infection and virus 3. Protect from mutagenic nitrosamin (nitrat or nitrit reaction) HNO 2 + H + H 2 O 2 + Asam nitrit

VITAMIN C … H 2 NO NO 2 - N 2 O 3 + H 2 O (R)-NH + N 2 O 3 (R) 2 -N-N=O + HNO 2 N 2 O 3 + asam askorbat Asam dehidroaskorbat + 2 NO + H 2 O Dialkil amina Nitrosamin

VITAMIN C … Sources: vegetables and fruits : orange, pineapple, papaya, tomato, etc. Vitamin C level in foods (mg/100 g) FoodsmgFoodsmg Daun singkong Daun katuk Daun melinjo Daun papaya Sawi Kol Bayam Kemangi Tomat masak Kangkung Gandaria Jambu biji Pepaya Mangga masak Durian Kedondong masak Jeruk manis Jeruk nipis Nanas Rambutan

VITAMIN C … AKG 2004 Man : 90 mg/day Woman : 75 mg/day In USA : one of 4 diet antioxidants (Se, vitamin E, ß-caroten)

CAROTENOIDS (ß-CAROTENE) Carotenoids : 90% α- dan ß-caroten Carotenoids antioxidants (scavenger free radicals; peroxyl radicals, singlet oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl) Work together with vitamin C & vitamin E

CAROTENOIDS (ß-CAROTENE)… Deactivation of Singlet Oxygen ß-carotene has been known to be an efficient quencher of O 2 - O 2 + C 3 O C* 3 C* C + thermal energy

CAROTENOIDS (ß-CAROTENE)… Peroxyl Radical Scavenging Carotenoids have also been shown to be capable of inhibiting free radical reactions. ß-carotene reduces trichloromethylperoxyl radicals.

CAROTENOIDS (ß-CAROTENE)… Inhibit cell transformation Correlated with both enhanced cell-cell communication and transcription of connexin43 (mRNA). Increased amounts of connexin43 mRNA can inhibit transformation in some cell systems. Canthaxanthin and ß-carotene.

CAROTENOIDS (ß-CAROTENE)… Sources of carotens : old green vegetables, yellow- oranges vegetables and fruits, etc.