“Good thinking”: apa dan bagaimana? Oleh Arlinah I.R. Arlinah@petra.ac.id Lokakarya PBL Jurusan Teknik Arsitektur Universitas Kristen Petra Hotel Majapahit - Surabaya, 17 Pebruari 2003

Teaching & learning content + process Pendidikan Teaching & learning content + process Good thinking good thinking teacher student Do not know how to facilitate the thinking process Do not know how to do the thinking

Good Thinking skills Creative thinking Critical thinking persepsi

Bloom’s Taxonomy Knowledge Comprehension …………………………... Application Critical thinking Application Analysis Synthesis evaluation

Critical thinking vs Creative thinking interpretasi Orisinal/baru analisa inisiatif evaluasi fleksibel menyimpulkan elaborasi menjelaskan kemungkinan Men-check diri sendiri Tidak umum Dialog/bertanya “Nakal”, Panning for gold Out of the box

Sikap “good thinker” fleksibel dan terbuka ingin tahu( membaca dll) Percaya diri Disiplin waktu Tekun dalam mencari jawaban/kebenaran Adil dalam mengevaluasi Jujur dalam menghadapi “personal bias” “nakal”

Penghambat “good thinking” cenderung menyederhanakan Konsisten/kaku takut Kurang sense of humor Ego Stereotype/ generalisasi Kebiasaan/ tradisi Berpikir negatif

Thinking tools PMI ( plus, minus, interesting) ->ketika kita tdk ragu, yakin APC ( alternatives, possibilities, choices) -> menjelaskan, hipotesa, persepsi, problem, solusi, desain OPV ( other peoples’ views -> a better maP

Creative thinking tools Random word BRAINSTORMING SCAMPER

SCAMPER S - substitute C - combine A - adapt, alter M - modify, magnify,minify P - put to other uses E - eliminate R – reverse, rearrange

http:// criticalthinking.org/posters.html

Critical thinking http://criticalthinking.org/posters.html

Mengembangkan “good thinking” dalam kelas Higher order objectives ( Bloom Taxonomy) Prior knowledge Rencana aktivitas Atmosfir kelas yang mendukung ( terbuka, demokratis, saling menghargai, relax) Mengembangkan konsep + contoh/dan bukan contoh serta latihan Mengajar thinking skills & strategies secara langsung Intergrasi thinking dalam aktivitas kelas ( diskusi, pertanyaan/tugas HO, cooperative learning, summary, menulis)

Daftar Referensi De Bono, Edward. De Bono’s Thinking Course.New York: Facts on File, 1982 http://www.teachers.ash.org.au/researchskills/thinking.htm#Creative http://members.ozemail.com.au/~caveman/Creative/Techniques/ http://www.mdk12.org/practices/good_instruction/projectbetter/thinkingskills/general.html http://www.calumet.yorku.ca/spec/study/Creative%20Thinking.htm http://eduscapes.com/tap/topic69.htm http://www.teachers.ash.org.au/researchskills/thinking.htm http://criticalthinking.org/