Menggunakan Makalah Systematic Review untuk Menulis Disertasi Rossi Sanusi ProDi S3 FK UGM 30 Januari 2015 http://rossisanusi.wordpress.com rossi_sanusi@yahoo.com

Alir Menulis Pra-Proposal Topik Kata-kata Kunci Makalah SR Masalah Penelitian (awal) Updating Telaah Pustaka Updating Masalah Penelitian Bagian-bagian lain Bab I Bab II Bab III

Proposal/Disertasi Halaman2 Muka: Sampul, halaman judul, halaman pengesahan, Prakata, Abstrak, Daftar Isi, Daftar Tabel, Daftar Gambar. Bagian Utama Lampiran2

Bagian Utama Proposal/Disertasi Pendahuluan Telaah Pustaka Metoda Penelitian Rencana Pelaksanaan Penelitian* Daftar Rujukan * Diganti dengan “Hasil, Kesimpulan & Saran” di naskah disertasi

I. Pendahuluan Latar Belakang Masalah Penelitian* Tujuan Penelitian Manfaat Penelitian Keaslian Penelitian *) = Masalah yang masih ada di penelitian2 sebelumnya = Masalah yang dihadapi peneliti2 sebelumnya.

Masalah Praktis Masalah yang dihadapi praktisi  Status Kesehatan Perorangan (KP) dan Status Kesehatan Masyarakat (KM) = kesenjangan di klinik, lab, atau lapangan. Ingin diselesaikan dengan Upaya KP dan Upaya KM. Tingkat keberhasilan memecahkan masalah praktis naik jika menggunakan EBM dan EPH. “Evidence” lemah jika penelitian tentang UKP dan UKM masih bermasalah.

Sumber: http://evidencebasedliving. human. cornell

Sumber Masalah Penelitian Rancangan yang tidak Robust: Pengumpulan data, pengolahan data atau penafsiran data yang tidak logis/valid. Kerangka Konsep yang tidak valid. Yang cocok untuk diselesaikan mahasiswa S3?

Di mana mencari penelitian yang masih bermasalah? Di makalah (atau laporan proyek) penelitian empirik. Di makalah review penelitian empirik.

TRIP = Turning Research into Practice Sumber: http://guides.library.yale.edu/content.php?pid=9786&sid=73113

SR = ? Telaah pustaka yg menggunakan peraturan yg jelas dan ketat untuk mengumpulkan dan mengolah laporan penelitian empirik dari seluruh dunia menjadi informasi yang valid untuk para pengguna (i.e., praktisi, peneliti, masyarakat, pendana, pembuat keputusan).

Ciri2 SR: Pengumpulan & penyaringan laporan penelitian empirik yang komprehensif (termasuk pustaka yg tidak dipublikasi). Telaah kritis (Critical Appraisal) setiap laporan penelitian empirik yg tersaring. Sintesis temuan/data (meta-analysis, meta-ethnography) dari penelitian2 empirik yang rancangannya kuat. Kesimpulan dan rekomendasi untuk tindakan (jika bukti kuat) dan penelitian selanjutnya (jika bukti masih lemah).

Alir Identifikasi Masalah Penelitian Topik Kata-kata Kunci Systematic Review terkini Masalah Penelitian Updating Telaah Pustaka Updating Masalah Penelitian

Topik Upaya Kesehatan Perorangan (KP) atau Upaya Kesehatan Masyarakat (KM) = Tindakan, Intervensi, Program, Terapi. Status KP atau Status KM = Akibat, Hasil. Hubungan a. dan b. a b c

Contoh Topik a. Paliative care Industrial hygiene engineering

Contoh Topik b. Toxoplasmosis. Kesehatan reproduksi pada perempuan difabel.

Contoh Topik c. Terapi Extracorporeal Shockwave Myocardial Referfusion (ESMR) meningkatkan angiogenesic miokard pada pasien Gagal Jantung Iskemik Leadership in nursing and EBN

Kata-kata Kunci Kata-kata yang digunakan untuk mencari makalah SR. Mulai dari satu kata/frasa kunci Gunakan AND, OR dan tanda2 baca. lihat Search tips di http://www.healthevidence.org/search.aspx Di situs non-SR tambahkan kata kunci systematic-review

Makalah SR Ketik Kata Kunci di kotak cari dari Situs jejaring SR (e.g, The Cochrane Library, The Campbell Collaboration) Berkala Systematic Reviews: http://www.systematicreviewsjournal.com/ Berkala yg bersangkutan (e.g., BMC Obesity, Journal of Substance Abuse).

Cari Makalah SR yang bermutu dan terkini: dibantu pialang pengetahuan (e.g., Health Evidence http://www.healthevidence.org/search.aspx). di berkala terkait dan cari makalah“review of reviews”).

Makalah SR yg direview sendiri. Contoh check-list untuk mereview SR: Maureen Dobbins, dkk. A knowledge management tool for public health: health-evidence.ca. BMC Public Health 2010, 10:496 (18 August 2010) Full text | PDF | PubMed |

Contoh Ketik di Google/Yahoo: palliative care systematic review  Zimmermann C1, Riechelmann R, Krzyzanowska M, Rodin G, Tannock I. Effectiveness of specialized palliative care: a systematic review. JAMA. 2008 Apr 9;299(14):1698-709. doi: 10.1001/jama.299.14.1698.

CONTEXT: Specialized palliative care teams are increasingly providing care for the terminally ill. However, the impact of such teams on quality of life, satisfaction with care, and economic cost has not been examined systematically using detailed criteria for study quality. OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the evidence for effectiveness of specialized palliative care.

DATA SOURCES: We performed a keyword search of the following databases from their inception to January 2008: MEDLINE, Ovid Healthstar, CINAHL, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. STUDY SELECTION: We included all randomized controlled trials in which specialized palliative care was the intervention and for which outcomes included quality of life, satisfaction with care, or economic cost.

DATA EXTRACTION: Data on population, intervention, outcome, methods, and methodological quality were extracted by 2 investigators using standardized criteria. RESULTS: Of 396 reports of randomized controlled trials, 22 met our inclusion criteria. There was most consistent evidence for effectiveness of specialized palliative care in improvement of family satisfaction with care (7 of 10 studies favored the intervention).

Only 4 of 13 studies assessing quality of life and 1 of 14 assessing symptoms showed a significant benefit of the intervention; however, most studies lacked statistical power to report conclusive results, and quality-of-life measures were not specific for terminally ill patients. There was evidence of significant cost savings of specialized palliative care in only 1 of the 7 studies that assessed this outcome.

Sudah ada bukti kuat utk Action? Methodological limitations were identified in all trials, including contamination of the control group, failure to account for clustering in cluster randomization studies, and substantial problems with recruitment, attrition, and adherence. Sudah ada bukti kuat utk Action?

Masalah Penelitian (awal) Updating Telaah Pustaka Masalah Praktis Kata Kunci SR Sebelumnya Masalah Penelitian (awal) Updating Telaah Pustaka Updating Masalah Penelitian Bagian-bagian lain Bab I Bab II Bab III

Updating Telaah Pustaka DATA SOURCES: We performed a keyword search of the following databases from their inception to January 2008: MEDLINE, Ovid Healthstar, CINAHL, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials Dari Jan 2008 sampai sekarang jaring makalah-makalah penelitian empirik tentang Specialized palliative care

Reviews of increasing complexity from narrative to systematic reviews... Sumber: http://hlwiki.slais.ubc.ca/index.php/Scoping_reviews

Langkah Berikut Teleconference Program Pra-Doktor 2015 (23 Februari s/d 2 Maret 2015, Senin dan Kamis, Jam 11:00 – 13:00). Output: (Kerangka yang makin berisi) Pra-Proposal.