Inovasi Fiskal Untuk Pendanaan Transportasi Perkotaan Seminar Pengembangan Monorel sebagai Bagian dari Sistem Transportasi Publik Universitas Tarumanagara 2 April 2013 Harun al-Rasyid LUBIS
2 Tantangan..... Rubah kebiasaan berkendara ? Terapkan strategi terpadu Solusi berdayakan angkutan umum, tetapi bagaimana caranya ? Dampak lingkungan lalu lintas sangat serius
Rail + Property Development ? 3
4 Skema Pendanaan 1.Public Financing by Government - Capital Grants - Infrastructure Funds 2.Private Financing - Bond, equity/share issue - Loans, PFI, Profit sharing 3.Public Private Partnership
Farebox ratio ( Ticket revenue / Opex )
Pendapatan non-fare box 6
Sumber 1.OWN EQUITY (Modal sendiri) 2.PAY AS YOU GO : Pajak, retribusi, earmarking, CDM Tiket 3.DEBT: Hutang, Obligasi 4. GRANT, dukungan pemerintah, subsidi (VGF ) 5. PPP: Partisipasi sektor swasta ( KPS) CAPEX O&M ✔✔ ✔✔✔✔✔ ✔✔ ✔✔ ✔✔ 7
Source : AFD, France Who Pays what for Infrastructure Investment ?
Source : AFD, France Who Pays What for Operation
10 Innovative Funds for Urban Public Transport 1.Versement Transport (France) 2.Value Capturing & TOD (U.S.A, Japan) 3.(P+R) developmnt, Air rights & profit sharing (MRTC, HK) 4.Fuel tax, income tax, sale tax (Austin, Texas) 5.Congestion charges (London, Stockholm, Singapore)
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TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT ( T O D) 12
Value capture Objects by location Zhirong, Zao, et.al. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 48 (2012) 435 –
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Value capture realization by time Zhirong, Zao, et.al. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 48 (2012) 435 –
Karakteristik Value capture Source: Zhirong, Zao, et.al. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 48 (2012) 435 –
Efektifitas Value Capture 18
Affordability, Demand Risk & Government Guarantees Revenue ($) time CADS(1) CADS(2) Tenor of Contract Minimum Revenue Guarantee Revenue shared with Government Revenue ($) Government Revenue Support Revenue Cap User paid Risk Allocation Framework Optimality Clarity Certainty 19