Peranan lemak dan minyak terhadap kesehatan: biota laut. Materi 5 Peranan lemak dan minyak terhadap kesehatan: biota laut. Fransiska Rungkat Zakaria

Omega 6 Omega 3

Body needs both omega 3 and 6 Linoleic linolenic

Jenis Asam Lemak Minyak Kelapa Minyak Inti Sawit (%)a Sawit (%)b (%)b Asam Kaprat 4,9 – 9,5 Asam Kaprilat 5,5 – 9,5 - 3 – 4 Asam Kaproat 0,0 – 0,8 3 – 7 Asam Laurat 44,0 – 52,0 46 – 52 Asam Miristat 13,0 – 19,0 1,1 – 2,5 14 – 17 Asam Palmitat 7,5 – 10,5 40 – 46 6,5 – 9 Asam Palmitoleat 0,0 – 13,1 Asam Stearat 1,0 – 3,0 3,6 – 4,7 1 – 2,5 Asam Oleat 5,0 – 8,0 39 – 45 13 – 19 Asam Linoleat 1,5 – 2,5 7 – 11 0,5 - 2 Asam Arakhidonat 0,0 –0,4

Review: lipid function Concept: essential fatty acid = essential food lipid there are natural metabolism based on human evolution Any disturbances (or over capacity) in the metabolism can cause diseases food lipid: improve metabolism (functional food)

Fat for energy too much food fat will be accumulated as body fat (no good) Func fd Should improve Body Fat utilization

Lemak tubuh/cadangan Sebagai sumber Energi: Dr adiposit Darah Hati/otot 1. b-oxydation Lalu acetyl CoA/citric acid cycle: Energi/glukosa/asam amino/ 2. Sintesis komponen lain Steroid, kolesterol,glikoprotein,

Protein in lipid transport

Cholesterol Transportation Food incresing HDL reduce body Cholesterol, But not too much Cholesterol is important

LDL receptor protein is important in cholestrl Clearing. It can be protected by sufficient food antioxidants

FA-CoA memasuki matrix mitokondria dgn bantuan carnitine dan enzimnya Lalu mengalami b-oxydation: producing ATP

Body can make its own carnitine It is better to supply sufficient Food protein as the raw material

Hibernasi: oksidasi lemak tubuh selama tidur berbulan-bulan (musim dingin)

Oksidasi bentuk Cis bukan trans: Kesalahan metabolism Asam Lemak trans Oxydasi pada ikatan rangkap Memerlukan Enzim ……. Oksidasi bentuk Cis bukan trans: Kesalahan metabolism Asam Lemak trans

Too much body fat oxidation Produce ketone Bodies which Reduce body alkalinity

It is important to provide Essential fatty acid from food To synthesize lipid membrane

All Cell membrane needs unsaturated lipid. Including cholesterol

Fungsi struktural lipid

Food must provide vitamins for optimal lipid metabolism (utilizations)

Research on functional food to improve enzyme Activities in fal metabolism and utilizations

One of the many proteins in fat utilization needs vitamins

Body fat accumulation from Carbohydrate Over eating

Food influencing this Hormons Influence body fat metabolism

Our body needs Only linoleate And linolenate To produce all Kinds of fatty acids It needs For cell membrane

All kinds of necessary Membrane lipid can then Be synthesize

Membrane Lipid can be Destroyed, resulting bioactive Chemicals that can produce Inflamation, imune response Functional foods controlling These reactions, control Inflamation, vascular Endothelium cells

Diiferent enzyme produce different bioactive chemicals, Influence inflamation. This is non inflamation products

Example of a compound controlling inflamation

Functional foods help body making perfect cell membrane

Choline: important compound Of membrane lipid, can be synthesized with Serine and methionine

Our body can produce palmitic acid. When needed. Take fat food containing Palmitic acid To produce nerve cell membrane

Important lipid in nerve and Brain cells

Body makes cholesterol from acetyl

Squalene is a step in body cholesterol synthesis (long steps)

Important enzyme in cholesterol synthesis Functional foods can control this step

ACAT is important in cholestrl Storage and distribution Functional foods controlling this enzyme Control body cholstr

Lipid transportations

Foods Influencing These Lipoproteins Influence.. …………..

Lecithin is important Food containing lecithin…..

LDL cholesterol in cell Can be reduced by foods Containing compounds ……………

Cholesterol is a precursor For many hormones Body needs sufficient Cholesterol but not over

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