TINGKAH LAKU PEMENUHAN KEBUTUHAN Adelina
PEMENUHAN KEBUTUHAN TL Makan dan Minum TL Eliminasi TL Reaksi
TL MAKAN/INGESTIVE BEHAVIOUR TUJUAN Mempertahankan status fisiologi yang stabil -Energi masuk = energi keluar -Hukum thermodinamik : Total kalori yang masuk = Produksi panas internal + kerja eksternal + cadangan energi *Feed intake (FI) dikontrol oleh sistem saraf pusat – hipothalamus, contoh : pada ayam
Waktu Makan Dipengaruhi Oleh Tipe dan ketersediaan pakan Kebutuhan nutrisi individu Tingkah laku spesies - Ayam makan anytime (50%) - Sapi – 15% grazing dimalam hari - Babi makan pada pagi hari saat temperatur udara rendah Korelasi antara waktu sapi merumput dengan maksimum temperatur Efek bangsa/breed terhadap respon temperatur & waktu merumput
Waktu Grazing Dipengaruhi Oleh Struktur dan kondisi lahan Status ternak - Bunting/tidak bunting - Laktasi awal ---- FI naik 20% - Bunting tua ----- FI naik 27% Ketersediaan pakan Interaksi sosial
The Choice of Diet Mekanisme/cara makan - Spesifik spesies Selektivitas terhadap pakan - Daun lebih disukai daripada batang - Material hijau atau muda lebih disukai - Dipengaruhi oleh : *Indera *Faktor individu ternak *Jumlah pakan
Examples of Feeding Behavior o Cattle ruminate 4-9hrs/day, regurgitate 300-400 boluses of feed per day o Sheep and goats graze 9-11hrs/day, ruminate 7-10hrs/day, regurgitate 400-600 boluses of feed per day o Cattle usually don’t go more than 3 miles away from water o Sheep may travel as much as 8 miles a day
Average Time Budgets For Horses
Elimination of feces and urine ELIMINATIVE BEHAVIOR Elimination of feces and urine o Cattle, sheep, horses, goats and chickens eliminate feces & urine indiscriminately o Hogs eliminate feces in definite areas of a pasture or pen o Cattle, sheep, goats and swine defecate while standing or walking, urinate while standing, but not walking o Cattle defecate 12-18 times/day, urinate 7-11 times/day o Horses defecate 5-12 times/day, urinate 7-11 times/day o Animals defecate & urinate more when stressed or excited o Animals loose 3% of their live weight when transported to & from market points (Shrink)